Piles surgery, also known as hemorrhoidectomy, is a medical procedure to treat severe cases of hemorrhoids. Swollen veins in the rectum and anus are usually known as piles or hemorrhoids. Pain, restlessness, and, at times, bleeding are different signs shown by these unhealthy veins. Normally, piles are classified as Internal and External. External piles develop below the skin of the anus, whereas internal piles develop inside the anus and lower rectum linings. A diet rich in fiber content, whole grains, and drinking plenty of water, i.e., 8 to 10 glasses of water daily, is the best way to keep your bowel movements regular and decrease the symptoms for piles.

Types of Piles

Depending on how severe the condition of hemorrhoids, they are classified by grades as follows:

Grade 1: No prolapse.
Grade 2: Prolapse that resolves on its own.
Grade 3: Prolapse that requires self-push.
Grade 4: Prolapse that produces pain and cannot be pushed in on its own.

Methods of Piles Surgery

Rubber Band Ligation: Internal hemorrhoids of any severity up to Grade 3 are treated here.
- A tight band is stretched around the periphery of the hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply. Two or more surgeries may be required here during a time of 2 months.
Coagulation Therapy: Also known as infrared photocoagulation. Internal hemorrhoids of grades 1-3 are treated with this procedure. An electric current or infrared light is made use of to form scar tissue. This scar tissue limits the blood supply to the pile, and this causes it to fall.
Sclerotherapy: In this procedure, a doctor injects a chemical solution into an internal hemorrhoid. This solution makes the nerve endings asleep, and this ensures relief from pain. Scar tissue is formed, which results in hemorrhoids to fall off.
Hemorrhoidectomy: Grades 3-4 hemorrhoids, massive external hemorrhoids, and hemorrhoids that are not improving with nonsurgical treatment are all suitably treated by this procedure.
Hemorrhoid stapling: Internal hemorrhoids that are prolapsed or have become big are treated here. External piles cannot be treated here.
Causes of Hemorrhoids: Exertion during Bowel Movements:
- Childbirth and Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Low-Fiber Diet
- Sedentary Lifestyle
  - Sitting or standing for unusually long periods
  - Lack of exercise
    - Regular exercise promotes proper circulation and helps prevent this condition.

Symptoms of Piles

1. The symptoms of external hemorrhoids can include:

Skin sensation or itching effect around the anus.
Pain close to the anus, especially when sitting.
Soft lumps and swelling around the anus.
Defecation is full of pain.
Bleeding in the rectum in case of internal piles.

2. The symptoms of internal hemorrhoids can include:

Passing of blood during bowel movements
Hemorrhoid dropping out of the anus, known as a prolapse

Risks and Complications

Pile surgery is generally safe, and complications are rare.

1. A doctor should be consulted in the following cases:

You have a mostly or significantly bloody bowel movement.
You are having an excruciating stomach or anal ache.
You are experiencing diarrhea.
You are suffering from a fever.
You are having difficulty urinating.
You have external hemorrhoids that have thrombosed.

2. Serious complications can include:

Abscess, where there is a collection of pus and is painful that is an outcome of a bacteria infection.
Hemorrhage
Peritonitis, reddening of the lining of the abdominal cavity.
Sepsis, that is blood-poisoning.

Piles Surgery Procedure

Assessment and Diagnosis:
- The doctor will visually inspect the anus or with the help of a Hill Ferguson retractor look for signs of hemorrhoids.
- Diagnostic methods like anoscopy may be employed to inspect the rectum and conform for piles.
Excision:
- General anesthesia is given before the surgery to cut open the hemorrhoidal tissue.
- Using a laser, scalpel, or scissors the surgeon will remove the swollen hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoid Separation: The reddened hemorrhoid tissue is removed with a scalpel making sure that the blood supply to the hemorrhoids is cut off.
Wound Closing: Depending on the incision size and location, the surgeon may leave it open to heal on its own or close it with sutures.
Pain Control: Anus pain is likely to persist for a few days following the surgery. In this case, painkillers can be helpful.