Kuisirwa Chiropa muUK: Mhando, Mutengo, Zvinodiwa & Mwero weKubudirira

Chiropa chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chemuviri wedu chinobatsira kuti muviri wedu uve neutano hwakanaka. Sekureva kweIndian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare neNational Institutes of Health (NIH), masangano aya anoti chiropa ndicho chikamu chikuru chemukati memuviri wemunhu. Kuisirwa chiropa hakusi kungoitwa kwekurapa chete, asi inzira inoponesa hupenyu. Izvi zvinoitika kana chiropa chikarega kushanda zvakanaka. Kana mamiriro echiropa akawedzera nekuda kwekufutisa, kunwa doro, hutachiona uye zvirwere zvemajini, saka kudiwa kwekuisirwa chiropa kwakawedzera.

UK inozivikanwa nekurapwa kwayo kwepamusoro-soro, vanachiremba vane ruzivo, kurapwa mushure mekurapwa, uye kubudirira kwakanyanya mu kuisirwa nhengo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira mukubudirira kwekuisirwa chiropa. Kana uri kutsvaga ruzivo nezvekuisirwa chiropa muUK, gwaro iri richakubatsira kunzwisisa zvese. Zvakadai senzira yekuisirwa chiropa, mitengo, mwero wekubudirira uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera mari yekurapwa.

Chii chinonzi Liver Transplant?

Kuisirwa chiropa kuvhiyiwa uko chiropa chakakuvara, chine chirwere kana kuti chinotadza kushanda chinotsiviwa nechiropa chine hutano. Chinopihwa nemunhu ari mupenyu uye munhu akafa. Chiropa chakakosha uye chinoita basa guru risingagone kuitwa nemumwe muchina; kana chiropa chikarega kushanda. Chinobatsira kupwanya chikafu, kuchenesa ropa uye kubatsira kugaya chikafu. Saka, pakupedzisira, kuwana chiropa chitsva kubva kune munhu anopa chiropa ndiyo yega sarudzo yekuponesa vanhu vane chirwere chechiropa. Kurapa uku kunongofungwa chete kana kurapwa kwacho kusina kushanda nemazvo.

Chiremba anonyatsoongorora chirwere chechiropa, hutano hwemurwere uye mabhenefiti anobva mukuisirwa chiropa. Kana varwere vari kusangana nematambudziko akadai secirrhosis, acute liver failure kana hepatocellular carcinoma, saka kuisirwa chiropa kunogona kuvandudza hupenyu hwevarwere. Kuisirwa chiropa kunova kwakakosha kana chiropa chikasakwanisa kuita mabasa acho akakosha. Sekugaya chikafu, kutsigira metabolism, uye kuchengetedza zvinovaka muviri nemavhitamini.

Ndiani Anoda Kuisirwa Chiropa?

Matambudziko ane chekuita nechiropa akajairika mazuva ano asi havasi vese vanogona kuisirwa chiropa. Vanachiremba vanongokurudzira kuti varwere vari kurwara nechiropa vaisirwe chiropa chete. Zvakare, kana chiropa chemurwere chisisiri kushanda uye mamwe marapirwo ari kutadza. Chiremba asati aisirwa chiropa, anotarisa zvese kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kuisirwa chiropa ndicho chega chisarudzo. Kana uri kutambura nechimwe chezvirwere izvi, unofanira kubvunza chiremba wako kuti akupe mamwe mazano.

Mafuta Chiropa Chirwere

Chirwere chechiropa chisina doro (NAFLD) uye chirwere chechiropa chine doro zviri kuva zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukundikana kwechiropa pasi rose. Izvi zvinoitika kana mafuta akawandisa akaungana muchiropa. Hazviratidzi zviratidzo panguva yekukura, asi kana zvikasarapwa, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara zvachose. Kune zvakawanda. mafuta chiropa zviratidzo sekushaya chido chekudya, kuneta, kuda kurutsa, kubuda ropa nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Chiropa Cancer

Varwere vane chirwere chepakutanga gomarara rechiropa Iyo inozivikanwawo se hepatocellular carcinoma, inogona kubatsirwa nekuisirwa kana mamwe marapirwo asingashande. Inogona kurapwa kana bundu rikaonekwa nekukurumidza uye richizadzisa zvinodiwa. Rinogona kuitika zvakananga mumasero echiropa kana kuti rinogona kupararira kubva kune imwe nhengo. Zvimwe zviratidzo zveizvi kurasikirwa nechido chekudya, kudzikira uremu, kurwadziwa mudumbu rekumusoro kurudyi uye ganda reyero.

Acute Chiropa Kukundikana

Kukundikana kwechiropa zvakanyanya chirwere chisingawanzoitiki asi chinoisa upenyu pangozi umo chiropa chinorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwacho kushanda, dzimwe nguva kune munhu asina kumbobvira arwara nechiropa. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kuisirwa chiropa nekukurumidza kungave iko chete kurapwa kunoshanda. Zvinokonzera zvinosanganisira hepatitis inotapukira, kushandisa mishonga yakawanda senge paracetamol, inova acetaminophen, kukuvara kwechiropa kunokonzerwa nemishonga, uye zvimwe zvirwere zve autoimmune. Zviratidzo zvinonyevera zvinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza, kusanganisira jaundice, kuzvimba kwedumbu rekumusoro, kuvhiringidzika, uye kuneta zvakanyanya.

Matambudziko eMetabolic uye Genetic

Matambudziko ekugaya chikafu anokanganisa kugona kwechiropa kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaita sekushomeka kwe alpha 1 antitrypsin. Izvi zvinotungamira kukundikana kwechiropa uye zvinozoda kuisirwa chimwe chinhu. Aya mamiriro ezvinhu anogarwa nhaka anogona kukonzera kutadza kwechiropa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro echiropa. Mamwe emhando dzacho ihemochromatosis, zvirwere zvewilson uye cystic fibrosis.

Mhando dzeKuvhiya kweChiropa

Kune mhando ina dzekuvhiyiwa kwechiropa dzinopihwa varwere. Pakuvhiyiwa kwechiropa, chiremba anokurudzira zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kutevedzwa nevaya vanovhiyiwa. Sekuvhiyiwa kwechiropa, chiropa chinofanira kuenderana neboka reropa remugamuchiri, rudzi rwenyama uye saizi. Kana nzvimbo yekuvhiyiwa ichishevedza varwere, vanorayirwa kuti vasatore chero chinhu nemuromo, kunyangwe girazi remvura. Mushure meizvozvo vanenge vagadzirira kuvhiyiwa nekukurumidza. Iye zvino tichaziva mhando dzekuvhiyiwa kwechiropa.

Akafa Donor Liver Transplant

Rimwe zita remupi weropa akafa nderekuisirwa nhengo yemuviri (orthotopic transplant) uye ndiro rinonyanya kushandiswa. Muizvi vamwe vanhu vanochengeta mazita avo pane runyorwa rwevanhu vakamirira mupi weropa. Uye kana mupi weropa angowanikwa, murwere anotevera ari pane runyorwa rwevanhu vakamirira anobatwa. Chiropa chinobva kune mupi weropa anogadzirira kupa nhengo yake yemuviri asati afa. Asi munhu iyeye haafanire kuva nechirwere kana kenza inogona kutapurirwa kuvarwere vanogamuchira nhengo yacho.

Panguva yekuvhiyiwa, chiropa chemupi wacho chinobviswa chose chotsiviwa nechiropa chose chakasimba kubva kumupi akafa. Pakuvhiyiwa, chiremba anocheka dumbu repamusoro uye anobvisa chiropa chine chirwere kana chakakuvara nokungwarira. Zvadaro chiremba anoisa chiropa chemupi panzvimbo yacho ndokubatanidza tsinga dzese dzeropa neducts dze bile. Pakupedzisira, kucheka kwacho kuchavharwa nemastitches akanyungudika kana staples dzekuvhiya. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, chubhu yekudonhedza mvura ichabatanidzwa kuti ibudise mvura yakawedzerwa kwemazuva akati wandei. Pakupedzisira, murwere achaenda kuICU kuti aone kupora kwake muchipatara.

Kune varwere vakawanda vanoda kugara muchipatara kwemavhiki akati wandei mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuti vadzoke zvakanaka. Vanachiremba vanopa mishonga inodzvinyirira immune system kudzivirira kuti chiropa chitsva chisarambe. Asi usati watora mishonga iyi unofanira kubvunza chiremba wako. Unofanira kuzvitarisira zvakanaka kuitira kuti urarame hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano. National Organ Retrieval Service inoshanda pasi peNHS Blood and Transplant, inotarisira zvakanaka kutamiswa kwenhengo dzese dzemuviri dzakafa muUK.

Kurarama Donor Liver Transplant

Kuisirwa nhengo yemuviri mupenyu kunoitwa nemunhu anobvuma kupa nhengo yacho. Kunoitwa nehama yepedyo kana shamwari. Pakutanga mupi anovhiyiwa apo chiremba anobvisa divi rekuruboshwe kana rekurudyi rechiropa. Kuisirwa nhengo yerudyi kunokurudzirwa kuvanhu vakuru uye nhengo yekuruboshwe ndeyevana, saka vanoibvisa zvichienderana neanoigamuchira. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekusiyana kwehukuru; chikamu chekurudyi chakakura uye chakakodzera vanhu vakuru. Nepo chikamu chekuruboshwe chiri chidiki uye chakakodzera vana.

Mushure meizvozvo chiropa chine chirwere chinobviswa kubva kune munhu anogamuchira. Uye chikamu chechiropa chinotorwa kubva kune munhu anogamuchira chinoiswa uye chinosanganiswa netsinga dzeropa neducts dze bile. Mushure mekuisirwa chiropa chinozvivandudza chega. Vanobvisa chikamu chidiki chechiropa kubva kune munhu anogamuchira uye mushure meizvozvo chiropa chinokura zvakare. Uye chiropa chitsva chemunhu anogamuchira chinokurawo kusvika 85% yehukuru hwechiropa chepakutanga uye zvinotora mavhiki kusvika kumwedzi.

Kuisirwa chiropa chemupi mupenyu kune mabhenefiti akawanda akadai sekuderedza nguva yekumirira. Varwere havafanirwe kuvimba nenhengo yemupi yakafa. Ndiyo sarudzo iri nani kune varwere vari kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye vasingachakwanisi kurarama kwenguva refu. Sekureva kweongororo, mhedzisiro yevapi vapenyu vanoisirwa chiropa zvakanaka uye zviri nani kana tichienzanisa nevanoisirwa chiropa vakafa. Mupi nevanoisirwa chiropa vanoda kuvhiyiwa kwakasiyana uye chiremba anotevedzera mitemo yakaoma uye bvunzo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mupi anoramba akachengeteka uye ane hutano panguva yese yekuvhiyiwa. Zera remupi rinofanira kunge riri pakati pemakore 18 ne55 asina chirwere chechiropa. Ropa rinofanira kufanana neraaisirwa.

Split Liver Transplant

Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisirwa chiropa kubva kumunhu achangobva kufa. Chiropa chinogona kupihwa varwere vaviri vakasiyana uye chinogona kupihwa chete kana mumwe ari mukuru uye mumwe ari mwana. Chiropa, chiri kupa, chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: chimwe chikamu chakarurama, chikuru, icho chiri chemunhu mukuru kuti chiwane. Chimwe chikamu chekuruboshwe, chidiki icho chiri chemwana kuti chiwane. Sezvinoitwa pakuisirwa chiropa chipenyu, chikamu chechiropa chinogona kukura zvakare uye chinova nehukuru hwakajairwa.

Pane mabhenefiti maviri ekuita izvi akadai sehuwandu hwemaitiro ekuisira nhengo dzakawanda sezvinobvira dzinobudirira. Asi kune mamwe matambudziko aunosangana nawo sekuti kuvhiyiwa kwacho kwakaoma uye kwakaoma. Uye vanopihwa vanogona kusangana nenjodzi nematambudziko zvichienzaniswa nekuisira chiropa chose. Asi zvakadaro, pakupedzisira, maitiro aya ane chinhu chakanaka nekuti anogona kupa chiropa kuvarwere vaviri panguva imwe chete. Kunyangwe paine kushomeka kwenhengo dzekuisira nhengo.

Webetsero Chiropa Transplant

Kuisirwa chiropa muchipatara inzira isingawanzoitiki uye yakasarudzika apo chiropa chemurwere hachibviswi zvizere. Pane kudaro, chikamu chechiropa chinopihwa chinowedzerwa pamwe chete nenhengo yemuviri kuti chipe rutsigiro rwechinguvana, izvo zvinopa chiropa chemurwere nguva yekupora uye kutangazve kushanda kwacho. 

Maitiro aya anobatsira zvikuru kana chiropa chisina kusimba zvakanaka, kana kuti chirwere chacho chingabatsirwa nekurapwa kuri kuitwa nemasero eropa akadai sekurapa majini. Zvisinei, hazvina kukodzera zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere chaWilson, chirwere cheprimary oxalosis, kana tyrosinaemia, sezvo chiropa chemuno muzviitiko izvi chingaramba chichikonzera kukuvara kana kenza. Nekufamba kwenguva, kana chiropa chemurwere chikapora, chiropa chemupi weropa chinogona kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma.

Marii yekuisa chiropa muUK?

Mari yekuisirwa chiropa muUK inoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita serudzi rwemunhu anoisirwa chiropa, kugara muchipatara, nzvimbo uye matambudziko ekuvhiyiwa. Mari yese inoenderana neUSD, inosvika 80,000 kusvika 150,000. Uye maererano neGBP inoenderana ne65,000 kusvika 120,000.

Kuongororwa Kwemitengo Yekuisirwa Chiropa muUnited Kingdom

Heino kupatsanurwa kwemari yekuisirwa chiropa muUK:

Danho rekudyara	Mutengo unosvika muUSD	Mutengo unosvika muGBP
Pre-Transplant Assessment	10,000 kuna 14,000	8,000 kuna 10,000
Kufananidza Nhengo yeOrgan	22,000 kuna 27,000	16,000 kuna 20,000
Kuvhiyiwa kweKuisirwa Zvibereko uye ICU	45,000 kuna 66,000	32,000 kuna 50,000
Kamuri reChipatara uye reVakoti	16,000 kuna 26,000	12,000 kuna 20,000
Mishonga yemushure mekuisirwa	10,000 kuna 15,000	4,000 kuna 10,000
Kutevera uye Kuongorora	2,000 kuna 6,000	1,000 kuna 4,000

Cherechedza: Mari yataurwa pamusoro apa ingori fungidziro chete uye inogona kuchinja zvichienderana nechipatara nemamiriro emurwere. Vagari vemuUK vanokodzera kurapwa neNHS vanogona kuisirwa chiropa mahara kuburikidza neNational Health Service.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Mutengo weKudyara Chiropa muUK

Mutengo wekuisirwa chiropa muUK unoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita se:

• Type of Donor: Kune mhando mbiri dzevanopa: vanopa vakafa nevaya vari vapenyu. Mari yacho inoenderana nekutorwa, kuchengetwa, uye kutakurwa kwechiropa kuenda kuchipatara. Mukuisirwa chiropa nemunhu ari mupenyu, munhu ane hutano anopa chikamu chechiropa chake uye mutengo wacho wakakwira nekuti mupi wacho nemurwere vanoda kuvhiyiwa nekutarisirwa kuchipatara.
• Chipatara: Vanhu vazhinji muUK vanogara muchipatara kwemazuva angangoita matanhatu kusvika gumi nemashanu mushure mekuisirwa chiropa. Kana murwere ari kusangana nematambudziko mushure mekuvhiyiwa, angangoda kugara kwenguva yakareba muICU. Zvipatara zvine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogona kuwedzera mutengo uye zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yechipatara.
• Hutano Hwemurwere: Kana hutano hwemurwere husina kunaka zvakakwana asati aisirwa chiropa, vanoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya uye vanogara muICU vasati vavhiyiwa. Kana murwere ari kutarisana nechirwere chechiropa chakadai sehepatitis, cancer yechiropa, kana chirwere chechiropa chine chekuita nemafuta, vanogona kuda kurapwa kwakasiyana nemishonga. Chiyero cheModel for End Stage Liver Disease chinoratidza kuti chirwere chechiropa chakakomba sei.
• Mishonga uye Kuisirwa Chiropa Chechipiri: Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, varwere vanotora mishonga kweupenyu hwavo hwese kuitira kuti miviri yavo isarambe chiropa chitsva. Saka mhando yemishonga nehuwandu hwayo zvinokanganisa mutengo kwenguva refu. Nechikonzero chipi nechipi, dzimwe nguva chiropa chitsva chinomira kushanda zvakanaka kana kuti chirwere chinogona kudzoka zvakare. Saka kana zvakadaro, panogona kudiwa kumwe kuisirwa chiropa, uye zvichawedzera mari yese yekurapwa.

Kuenzanisa Mutengo weKudyara Chiropa muDzimwe Nyika

Heano mamwe acho nyika dzakanakisa dzekuisa chiropa zvichienderana nekuenzanisa kwemutengo:

• India: Mutengo wekuisirwa chiropa muIndia unosvika INR 18 lakh kusvika 45 lakh. Zvinoenderana neUSD, zvinosvika 22,000 kusvika 45,000.
• Chamhembe Afrika: The mutengo wekuisirwa chiropa muSouth Africa iri pakati peZAR 250,000 ne500,000. Uye maererano neUSD iri pakati pe10,000 ne30,000.
• Ghana: The mutengo wekuisirwa chiropa muGhana iri pakati pe500,000 ne650,000. Uye maererano neUSD iri pakati pe30,000 ne65,000.
• Naijeriya: Mutengo we kuisirwa chiropa muNigeria iri pakati pe50,000,000 ne80,000,000. Uye maererano neUSD iri pakati pe35,000 ne65,000.
• Ithiyopiya: Mari yekuisirwa chiropa muEthiopia inosvika ETB 4,000,000 kusvika 7,000,000. Uye maererano neUSD inosvika 35,000 kusvika 50,000.

Cherechedza: Mari idzi ingori pfungwa. Saka, unofanira kubvunza chiremba wako wekuisirwa chiropa kana chiremba nezvemari inoshandiswa.

Kubudirira kweKudyara Chiropa muUK

Mwero wekurarama kana kuti mwero wekubudirira kwekuisirwa chiropa muUK wakakwira. Sekureva kwemushumo weNHS data, 90% yevarwere vakuru vanorarama kwegore rimwe chete mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Zvadaro, mushure memakore mashanu ekuisirwa chiropa, mwero wekubudirira kwekuisirwa chiropa muUK i80%. Pakupedzisira, mushure memakore gumi ekuisirwa chiropa, kune mwero wekubudirira we60 kusvika 70%. UK ine mwero wekubudirira wepamusoro wekuisirwa chiropa nekuda kwetekinoroji yayo yepamusoro.

Mhedziso

Pakupedzisira, kuisirwa chiropa inzira inoponesa hupenyu hwemurwere wese ane chirwere chakakomba chechiropa kana dzimwe nzira dzekurapa dzisisashande. UK inozivikanwa nehurongwa hwayo hwemazuva ano hwehutano, vanachiremba vane ruzivo, uye maitiro ekuisirwa nhengo. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekuvhiyiwa kwekuisa chiropa mhenyu dzinoitwa zvichienderana nemamiriro emurwere uye kuwanikwa kweanopa. Kune varwere vanokodzera pasi peNHS, kuisirwa chiropa kunowanzopihwa mahara. Saka, kurapwa kwepachivande kwevarwere vekune dzimwe nyika kunogona kunge kwakakwira zvikuru uye kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechipatara uye kuoma kwemaitiro acho. Varwere vanofanira kugara vachisimbisa mutengo wese zvakananga kunzvimbo yekurapa.

Disclaimer: Maitiro ekuisirwa chiropa, kukodzera kwacho, mari yacho, uye kupora kwacho muUK zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechipatara, mamiriro emurwere, uye zvinodiwa pakurapwa. Bvunza nyanzvi yekuisirwa chiropa kuti uwane mazano ekurapa akakodzera iwe pachako.