Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekhula emlonyeni noma emphinjeni, aziwa ngokuthi umdlavuza womlomo. Ungathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomlomo, okuhlanganisa izindebe, izihlathi, umphimbo, nezinye izingxenye. Ukuqonda izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kungabangela ukwelashwa okulula kanye nokwelashwa okungcono. Kule bhulogi, sizoxoxa ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ezingabonisa ukuba khona komdlavuza womlomo. Amazinga okusinda aphezulu uma umdlavuza womlomo noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza lutholakala esigabeni sokuqala.
Uyini Umdlavuza Womlomo?
Okulandelayo amaphuzu abalulekile angasetshenziswa ukuchaza izici zangempela zomdlavuza womlomo . Lo mdlavuza ungowesigaba somdlavuza wentamo nekhanda . Umphimbo, izihlathi, izinsini, ulimi, ama-sinuses, kanye nolwanga oluthambile kungathinteka kumdlavuza womlomo. Kungakhathaliseki ubulili nobudala, noma ubani angaba nalo mdlavuza. Amaseli aqinile asemqaleni nasemlonyeni, cishe wonke amaseli omdlavuza aqala lapha.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezithile ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lokhu. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezingozini ezimweni eziningi ukubhema noma ukuhlafuna ugwayi. Ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo iyanda ngokuqinisekile ngokudla utshwala obuningi. Ukuchayeka elangeni ngokweqile ezindebeni ezibucayi kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wezindebe . Esinye sezici eziyingozi ezivelayo ukutheleleka nge-HPV. Ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo emadodeni iphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili kunabesifazane. Amacala angama-90% abonakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
Izimpawu Zokuqala Eziyisixwayiso Zomdlavuza Womlomo
Kunezibonakaliso eziningi eziyisixwayiso zomdlavuza womlomo esigabeni sawo sokuqala:
- Umlomo obuhlungu ongapholi ngisho nangemva kwamasonto amathathu.
- Isiqephu sombala obomvu emlonyeni (erythroplakia).
- Umbala omhlophe (i-leukoplakia) engxenyeni engenhla noma engezansi yolimi, izinsini, noma ulwelwesi lomlomo.
- Izihlathi ezibuhlungu zangaphakathi ezingapholi.
- Ukucasuka emlonyeni okuhlala njalo.
- Udonga lwangaphakathi lwezindebe luyomiswa.
- Izigaxa ezincane ezinganeni noma ezindebeni.
Ezinye zezimpawu zokuqala azibuhlungu, okwenza kube lula ukuziba. Noma yiluphi ushintsho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lubuhlungu noma cha, oluqhubekayo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ngokushesha funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngenxa yalo.
Izinguquko Emzimbeni Emlonyeni ngenxa Yomdlavuza Womlomo
Kungase kube nezinguquko ezihlukahlukene emlonyeni wakho ngokomzimba, okungaba uphawu lomdlavuza womlomo.
- Ukuba khona kokuqina noma isigaxa emlonyeni.
- Umuzwa wokuthi kukhona okunamathele emphinjeni.
- Ukopha emlonyeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
- Okumhlophe, okubomvu, noma amapheshana enhlanganisela yayo yomibili imibala avela emlonyeni.
- Iqhubu noma isigaxa sivele sivele ngaphakathi emlonyeni futhi sihlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ama-2.
- Ukuvuvukala emhlathini kungabonisa olunye uphawu.
- Entanyeni, ebusweni, nasendaweni yomlomo, kungase kube ndikindiki ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile noma isizathu. Kungaba olunye uphawu lokutheleleka okulimaza imizwa yezinzwa.
- Ukuvuvukala kolimi kanye noshintsho ekuhlelekeni kwezindonga zangaphakathi zomlomo, okuyizimpawu zokushintsha ukuthungwa kwezicubu zomlomo.
Izinkinga Ezisebenzayo Ngenxa Yomdlavuza Womlomo
Kunezinkinga eziningi zokusebenza uma umuntu esengozini yomdlavuza womlomo.
- Kubuhlungu noma kunzima ukuhambisa ulimi ngendlela evamile.
- Ukuqina komhlathi kanye nenkinga yokuwuhambisa kahle.
- Ukubhekana nenkinga yokuvula umlomo wakho kahle (trismus).
- Ukushintsha kwenkulumo nezwi ngenxa yokutheleleka kwangaphakathi.
- Izwi elihlabayo nelibuthakathaka eliba libi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Inkinga yokufaka amazinyo okufakelwa abekade elingana kahle ngaphambili.
- Ukukhathazeka ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokukhuluma nokudla.
- Shintsha ukuma kwezinsini noma ukuhleleka kwamazinyo.
Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Womlomo Ezihlobene Namazinyo
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo ezihlobene nezindaba zamazinyo, njengokuthi, ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isifo noma ukulimala ezinsinini, amazinyo ayaxega endaweni yawo. Ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu emisipha nezinsini ezizungeze amazinyo, okungapholi ngemithi. Ukulahleka kwamazinyo noma izinkinga ekuhambeni kwamazinyo ngaphandle kwencazelo. Ubuhlungu bomhlathi kanye nokuqina, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engezansi yomhlathi. Ngisho nangemva kokugcina inhlanzeko yomlomo omuhle, ukuphikelela kokuphefumula okubi amasonto. Futhi ezinye izinkinga zingabonakala engxenyeni yamazinyo ngaphambi kokuba umuntu abe nomdlavuza noma umdlavuza womlomo.
Isixhumanisi Phakathi Kwe-HPV Nomdlavuza Womlomo
I-HPV 16 iwuhlobo lwe-human papillomavirus eyathuthukiswa njengengozi enkulu yomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal. Uhlukile kumbangela evamile yomdlavuza, okwakuwugwayi. Izigameko eziningi zomdlavuza womlomo zibangelwa ugwayi kubantu abadala. Umdlavuza we-HPV ubonakala kakhulu kubantu abasebasha nakubantu abangabhemi. Ivame ukuvela phansi kolimi noma amathoni. I-HPV ihlangana ne-DNA yomuntu ophethe, okunzima kakhulu ukuyelapha, kodwa enethuba eliphezulu lokusinda. Amacala ane-HPV asabela kangcono ekwelashweni kunezehlakalo ezingenayo i-HPV, kufika ku-80%. Ukwanda komdlavuza womlomo we-HPV kukhulise nokuqwashisa kubantu abanezimpawu ezihlobene. Ukuhlola nokutholwa kusenesikhathi kuhlala kungcono kunochungechunge olude lwemithi nemithi.
Izimpawu Ezithuthukile Zomdlavuza Womlomo
Ezinye izimpawu ezithuthuke kakhulu nezibucayi ezingaba uphawu lomdlavuza womlomo:
- Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungazelelwe nokungadingeki.
- Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes ngaphakathi kwentamo.
- Inkinga yokukhuluma noma yokuphefumula ngokujwayelekile ngenxa yesigaxa esingaphakathi emphinjeni.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu endaweni ethintekile kwenzeka nje ngokwenza imisebenzi evamile.
- Ingxenye yobuso ivuvukele futhi iba ndikindiki.
- Ukuba khona kwegazi ekukhwehleleni noma ukukhwehlela njalo.
Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ubunzima bezifo, ezidinga ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha.
Ukwazi Amazinga Okusinda Komdlavuza Womlomo
Amazinga okusinda komdlavuza womlomo ancike ezicini eziningana. Njengokuthi, indawo yesimila, isigaba somdlavuza ekutholakaleni kwaso kokuqala. Ukusabela ekwelashweni nakho kunendaba. U-83% wabantu unamazinga okusinda okungenani iminyaka emi-5. Kodwa lehla laya ku-35% kuma-metastases akude, futhi ukusabalala kwesifunda kwehlela ku-65%. Imiphumela engcono kanye nomphumela ibonakala ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha lo mdlavuza. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinto ezehlukene ezinomthelela emazingeni okusinda iminyaka yesiguli, ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi notshwala kanye nezici zesimila.
Intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali , ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, kuthuthukise amazinga okusinda eminyakeni edlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza womlomo one-HPV ubonisa impendulo engcono uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa kanye nezinga lokusinda uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HPV negetive.
Abantu Abanengozi Ephakeme
Kukhona ukucatshangelwa okuhlukahlukene mayelana nengozi yomdlavuza womlomo kubantu njengoba ngezansi:
- Abantu abadla ugwayi.
- Abaphuza utshwala kakhulu. Nalabo abanakho kokubili ugwayi kanye notshwala.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.
- Abesifazane baphephe kancane kunabesilisa ngokwezingozi.
- Umuntu onegciwane le-HPV.
- Abantu abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza womlomo.
- Umlando wezokwelapha odlule ohlobene nokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo.
Isiphetho
Ukutholwa kwezimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo kanye nokuwuthatha ngendlela efanele esigabeni sokuqala kungakongela isikhathi, imali kanye nempilo yakho. Iningi lezimpawu alinalutho kwabaningi bethu, kodwa uma kukhona ushintsho emzimbeni luthatha izinsuku eziyi-12 noma ngaphezulu. Idinga ukuhlolwa kodokotela ngokushesha. Uma noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso esixoxe ngazo kule bhulogi zihlala isikhathi eside, ungazinaki. Gcina umlomo wakho unempilo enhle, gwema ugwayi notshwala, njengoba kokubili kuyingozi emlonyeni nasemaphashini nesibindi futhi. Futhi zihlole wena nyanga zonke uwedwa ukuze uthuthukise ithuba lokuthola noma yini ekuqaleni kwayo.
