Umdlavuza webele ungenye yezifo ezinkulu zomdlavuza emhlabeni. Uthinta abesifazane abaningi, kodwa amadoda nawo atholakala enomdlavuza webele minyaka yonke. Lesi sifo senzeka lapho amaseli ebele eqala ukushintsha futhi ekhula ngokungalawuleki. Uma umdlavuza webele wanda futhi usakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, khona-ke ukwelashwa okufanele kuyadingeka. Kule bhulogi, sizoxoxa ngokuthi ungasinda isikhathi esingakanani umdlavuza webele ngaphandle kokwelashwa kanye nezici ezithinta izinga lokusinda kweziguli ezinomdlavuza webele.
Uma umuntu etholakala ukuthi unalo mdlavuza usuke ecabanga ukuthi angaphila isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ukusinda kwesiguli somdlavuza webele ngaphandle kokwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengokukhula kwamangqamuzana anomdlavuza kanye nokukhula kwesiguli sonke.
Uyini Umdlavuza Webele?
Wuhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala emangqamuzaneni ebele. Kwenzeka lapho ingqamuzana ebeleni liqala ukushintsha futhi likhule ngokungalawuleki. Manje, la mangqamuzana angadingeki aqala ukwakha izigaxa noma uquqaba olubizwa ngokuthi amathumba.
Ukuthi lezi zimila ziyabulala noma cha kuncike ekusakazekeni nobukhulu bomdlavuza. Uma umdlavuza ungasabaleli kwezinye izicubu noma amanodi. Khona-ke akubangeli izinkinga ezinkulu ezihlobene nempilo, futhi ukwelashwa akudingeki esigulini. Kodwa uma amangqamuzana esakazekela kwezinye izitho zomzimba, khona-ke kuyabulala futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okufanele.
Kungani Ukwelashwa Kubalulekile Ezigulini Zomdlavuza Webele?
Ezinye iziguli azifuni ukuthatha ukwelashwa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, njengemiphumela emibi noma ukuzama izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha. Ezimweni eziningi, isilinganiso sokusinda siphakathi kweminyaka engu-2.3 kuya ku-2.7, futhi u-18.4% kuphela ongaphila iminyaka efinyelela kwemi-5 enomdlavuza webele ongalashwanga. Ngenkathi eminye imininingwane yomlando ikhombisa ukuthi abanye abantu bangaphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngomdlavuza webele, kodwa ikhwalithi yokuphila iba yehla ngemva kokuphila nesimila. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ukwelashwa ngomdlavuza webele ukuze kuncishiswe izinkinga zempilo futhi kwandiswe izinga lokusinda. Ukwelashwa kusiza kakhulu ukususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kuvimbele amathuba okusabalala nokuphindeka kwawo.
Yini Ethinta Ukusinda Kweziguli Zomdlavuza Webele Ngaphandle Kokwelashwa?
Izici ezihlukahlukene zithinta izinga lokusinda kwesiguli somdlavuza webele esingalashwanga. Ezinye zazo zibalwe ngezansi:
Isiteji Somdlavuza
Isiteji somdlavuza singesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta izinga lokusinda kweziguli. Izigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza zikhula kancane futhi azisakazeki kwezinye izitho zomzimba, ngakho-ke umphumela wazo empilweni yomuntu mincane kakhulu. Isigaba esithuthukile somdlavuza siyasabalala futhi sithinte impilo yomuntu iyonke. Yingakho umuntu osesigabeni sokuqala somdlavuza angaphila isikhathi eside kunomuntu otholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uhlobo Lomdlavuza Webele
Izinga lokusinda kwesiguli lincike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwesimila. Izinhlobo ezincane zamangqamuzana omdlavuza webele ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile emzimbeni womuntu. Umdlavuza webele obona nge-HERP2 ngokuvamile ubonisa ukukhula nokusabalala kancane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, esakazeka kakhulu futhi enikeza isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokusinda.
Ibanga kanye Nobukhulu Bomdlavuza
Umdlavuza omncane futhi osezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile uthatha isikhathi eside ukukhula futhi usabalale kwamanye ama-lymph nodes nasegazini. Ngakho-ke kunezinkinga eziphansi emzimbeni futhi kunikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokusinda. Nakuba isimila esikhulu nesithuthukisiwe sekhwalithi ekuqaleni singathinta kabi umzimba wesiguli, futhi sinikeze isikhathi esincane sokusinda.
Ku-Situ kanye ne-Metastasis
Umdlavuza webele ongahlaseli awusabaleli kwezinye izingxenye zezicubu nama-lymph nodes. Ingashiywa ingelashwa ngokuhlolwa okuvamile futhi inezinga eliphezulu lokusinda. Ngenkathi i-metastasis, umdlavuza webele ungasakazekela kwezinye izitho ezibalulekile zomzimba wakho futhi ubangele ukwehluleka kwezitho. Ukuphila isikhathi eside ne-metastasis ngaphandle kokwelashwa kunzima kakhulu.
Ukungaphili kahle
Lapho umdlavuza usakazekela kwezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zomzimba, uqala ukuba nomthelela ebuchosheni bakho nesibindi, futhi uphazamise ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba. Lokhu kubangela imiphumela embalwa yesibili emzimbeni, njengekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Lezi zinkinga zenza impilo yakho ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi ibe yingozi empilweni. Ukubonana nodokotela kungasindisa impilo futhi kuthuthukise isimo sakho sempilo.
izivikeli mzimba
Umuntu onamasosha omzimba aphakeme angalwa nomdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi futhi abe namathuba aphezulu okuphila ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Ubudala kanye Nempilo Iphelele
Umuntu osemusha onempilo enhle iyonke angalwa kangcono nomdlavuza webele futhi aphile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Nakuba umuntu osekhulile enethuba elincane lokusinda nomdlavuza ongelashiwe.
Yiziphi Izingozi Zomdlavuza Webele Ongalashwa?
Umdlavuza webele ongalashiwe ungenza isimo sakho sibe sibi kakhulu futhi ungabangela isimo esisongela ukuphila. Ezinye zezingozi ezinkulu zomdlavuza webele ongelashiwe yilezi:
Ubuhlungu
Ukuphila ngaphandle kokwelashwa komdlavuza kungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezithintekile zomzimba. Lapho umdlavuza usakazeka, ubuhlungu buvela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezibucayi, okunzima ukubekezelela. Uma ubuhlungu bungabekezeleleki, khona-ke ukubonisana nodokotela kuyisinqumo esingcono ezigulini. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lokhu kubangela ukungakhululeki futhi kungathinta imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
Ukwehluleka Kwesitho
Uma umdlavuza ubhebhetheka bese kuba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezitho ezibalulekile ezibalulekile zomzimba. Inhliziyo, amaphaphu, isibindi, nezinso sekuqala ukwehluleka futhi kuholela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila. Izimbangela zesibili, njengokwehluleka kwezitho, ziba imbangela yokufa kumdlavuza webele ongalashwanga.
Ukukhathala Nokuncipha Kwesisindo
Ngaphandle kokuthatha ukwelashwa okufanele, umzimba wakho ulwa wodwa nomdlavuza webele ngaphandle kwemithi esindisa impilo nokwesekwa. Ngenxa yalokhu impilo yonke yomzimba iyancipha, futhi iqala ukubonisa izimpawu zokukhathala nokuncipha kwesisindo kungazelelwe. Njengoba umdlavuza ubhebhetheka, amazinga akho wamandla aqala ukwehla futhi enze kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Lokhu kukhombisa uphawu lokuthi yonke into ayilungile ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zomzimba, futhi umdlavuza ongalashiwe uba mubi ngemva kokuqhubekela phambili. Ngakho-ke kuhlale kunconywa odokotela ukuthi baphathe kahle futhi belashwe izifo ezinjalo ezibulalayo.
Ungasinda Umdlavuza Webele Ngaphandle Kwezinketho Zokwelashwa?
Impendulo elula yalo mbuzo ayitholakali. Kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengesiteji, iminyaka, uhlobo lomdlavuza, kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli. Kodwa impilo iyonke iyisici esiyinhloko esilinganisweni sokusinda. Eminye imininingwane yomlando iphinde iveze ukuthi umuntu osheshe aqale umdlavuza akakwazi ukusinda ngisho inyanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiguli somdlavuza esisezingeni eliphezulu singaphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa umdlavuza webele ongelashiwe uba mubi kakhulu ngemva kokuthuthuka futhi ungasongela ukuphila futhi ubulale.
Ucwaningo luhlaziya idatha yomlando yokusinda kwesiguli somdlavuza webele esingalashwanga. Ngokusho kwedatha, isikhathi sokusinda kweziguli ezingalashwanga yiminyaka eyi-2.7. Nakuba amazinga okuphila e-actuary yeminyaka emi-5 neye-10 yalezi ziguli angu-18.4% no-3.7% ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, le datha iphinde ibonise ukuthi iziguli zingaphila umdlavuza webele ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwezinye izimo ezingavamile. Lolu cwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokwelashwa, iziguli zinezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokusinda. Ukwelashwa okufanele kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusinda.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukutholwa Kusenesikhathi Ekwelapheni Umdlavuza Webele?
Ukutholwa Kusenesikhathi Komdlavuza kunikeza ithuba lokuthatha izindlela zokwelapha ezilawulekayo, njengokwelashwa okunethuba eliphakeme lokuvimbela ukusabalala nokukhula kwamangqamuzana anomdlavuza. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi komdlavuza webele kunikeza izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene, njengezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo kanye nezinkinga ezimbalwa. Ukwelashwa esigabeni somdlavuza kungathuthukisa izinga lakho lempilo futhi kuvimbele izinkinga zempilo ngokunciphisa umthwalo ongokomzimba nongokwengqondo. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ubone izimpawu ezifanele zomdlavuza webele futhi uthintane nodokotela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwawo.
Ukuphathwa Nokwelashwa Komdlavuza Webele
Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo zokwelapha umdlavuza webele, njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelapha, nokunakekelwa kwe-palliative. Kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela mayelana nezimpawu zakho. Ngemva kokwenza ukuxilongwa okufanele nokuhlolwa udokotela unquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zomdlavuza webele yilezi:
Ukuhlinzwa
Kule nqubo udokotela ukhipha amangqamuzana anomdlavuza namanye ama-lymph node aseduze angenwe yilesi sifo ezingxenyeni zakho ezithintekile. Ukuhlinzwa okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele yilezi:
- I-Lumpectomy: Kule nqubo yokuhlinzwa udokotela ukhipha amangqamuzana anomdlavuza webele nezinye izicubu eziseduze ezizungezile. I-Lumpectomy isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha imidlavuza emincane. Ukuze udokotela umdlavuza esigabeni kamuva esetshenziswa imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukunciphisa umdlavuza ukuze kwenzeke i-lumpectomy.
- I-Mastectomy: Phakathi ku i-mastectomy, udokotela ususa yonke ingxenye yomdlavuza, kuhlanganise nesikhumba, ukuze asuse umdlavuza. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kakhulu lapho umdlavuza utholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Therapy
Izindlela zokwelapha ezehlukene zisetshenziswa ngodokotela ukunciphisa umdlavuza osekhulile noma ukususa umdlavuza osesigabeni sokuqala. Izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele yilezi:
- Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe: Kule nqubo, kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla yokukhipha amangqamuzana anomdlavuza. Kulokhu kwelashwa, umshini onemishayo enamandla amakhulu ubhekiselwa kumaseli anomdlavuza. Le misebe ibhubhisa amaseli angafuneki. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe amangqamuzana anomdlavuza asele emzimbeni.
- I-Chemotherapy: Kulokhu, odokotela ikakhulukazi basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinamandla ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-chemotherapy ukukhipha amangqamuzana angafuneki ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kanye nokuwashwabana. Le mithi inikezwa ikakhulukazi ngemithambo.
- Ukwelashwa Kwamahomoni: Kulokhu kwelashwa, odokotela basebenzisa umuthi ukuvimbela amahomoni athile azwela amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngokuvimbela la ma-hormone, izakhi eziya kumangqamuzana angafunwa ziyamiswa, futhi lamangqamuzana aqala ukufa.
- I-Immunotherapy: Kulokhu kwelashwa udokotela usebenzisa imithi ethile ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Ngemuva kwe-immunotherapy, amasosha omzimba aqala ukusebenza futhi asuse amangqamuzana angafuneki angadingeki emzimbeni.
- Ukwelashwa Kwezidakamizwa Okuhlosiwe: Lokhu kwelashwa kuqondise kukhemikhali ethile emzimbeni ehlinzeka ngemisoco kanye nokukhula kwamangqamuzana anomdlavuza. Ukuvimbela la makhemikhali kubangela amangqamuzana anomdlavuza ukuba ashwabane futhi afe.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha ukuthi uzowelapha noma cha umdlavuza webele kuyisinqumo sesiguli. Nakuba isiguli somdlavuza webele siphila ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kodwa izinga lokusinda lincane kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Amazinga okusinda nawo ancike ezintweni eziningi, njengohlobo, usayizi, kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli. Umdlavuza ongelashiwe ubuye ube nezinkinga ezehlukene zempilo kanye nomthwalo ongokwengqondo. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukuphathwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ukuze kwelashwe futhi kuvinjwe ukubuya kwalesi sifo. Konke lokhu kumayelana nale bhulogi, futhi ngithemba ukuthi uthole okuqukethwe okufundisayo kuyo. Ngakho-ke, nakekela okwamanje, futhi sizohlangana nawe kumabhulogi ethu alandelayo afundisayo.
