Xa iiseli zomhlaza zikhula emlonyeni okanye emqaleni, yaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza womlomo. Unokuchaphazela naliphi na icala lomlomo, kuquka imilebe, izidlele, umphimbo, nezinye iindawo. Ukuqonda iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunokubangela unyango olulula kunye nonyango olungcono. Kule blog, siza kuxoxa ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo ezinokubonisa ukuba kukho umhlaza womlomo. Amanqanaba okusinda aphezulu ukuba umhlaza womlomo okanye naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza lufunyenwe kwisigaba sokuqala.
Yintoni uMhlaza woMlomo?
Ezi zilandelayo ziingongoma eziphambili ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuchaza iimpawu zokwenyani zomhlaza womlomo . Lo mhlaza ungowoluhlu lomhlaza wentamo nentloko . Umphimbo, izidlele, iintsini, ulwimi, ii-sinuses, kunye ne-soft palate zinokuchaphazeleka kumhlaza womlomo. Nokuba sini na okanye mdala kangakanani na, nabani na unokuphuhlisa lo mhlaza. Iiseli ezi-squamous ezijikeleze umphimbo nomlomo, phantse zonke iiseli zomhlaza ziqala apha.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinyusa umngcipheko wokufumana oku. Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko kwiimeko ezininzi kukutshaya okanye ukuhlafuna icuba. Umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo uyanda ngokuqinisekileyo ngokusela utywala obuninzi. Ukuchatshazelwa lilanga kakhulu kwimilebe ebuthathaka kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo . Enye yezinto ezibangela umngcipheko ovelayo kusulelo lwe-HPV. Umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo emadodeni uphindwe kabini kunakwabasetyhini. Amatyala angama-90% abonwa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
Iimpawu ezisisilumkiso zakwangoko zoMhlaza woMlomo
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezilumkisayo zomhlaza womlomo kwisigaba sawo sokuqala:
- Umlomo obuhlungu ongapholi nasemva kweeveki ezintathu.
- Isiqwenga sombala obomvu emlonyeni (erythroplakia).
- Umbala omhlophe (i-leukoplakia) kwindawo ephezulu okanye esezantsi yolwimi, iintsini, okanye umgca womlomo.
- Izidlele ezibuhlungu zangaphakathi ezingapholiyo.
- Ukucaphuka emlonyeni okuhlala kuhambelana.
- Udonga lwangaphakathi lwemilebe luyomiswa.
- Amaqhuma amancinci kwintsini okanye emlonyeni.
Ezinye zeempawu zokuqala azibuhlungu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukungahoyi. Naluphi na utshintsho, nokuba lubuhlungu okanye alukho, oluqhubekayo ngaphezu kweeveki ezimbini. Ngoko nangoko funa unyango ngenxa yalo.
Utshintsho loMzimba eMlonyeni ngenxa yoMhlaza woMlomo
Kunokubakho utshintsho olwahlukeneyo emlonyeni wakho ngokwasemzimbeni, olunokuba luphawu lomhlaza womlomo.
- Ubukho bokuqina okanye iqhuma ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
- Imvakalelo yokuba kukho into enamathele ngaphakathi emqaleni.
- Ukopha emlonyeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
- Amhlophe, abomvu, okanye amabala omxube wemibala yomibini avela emlonyeni.
- Iqhuma okanye iqhuma livela ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi emlonyeni kwaye lihlala ngaphezu kweeveki ezi-2.
- Ukudumba emhlathini kunokwenza omnye uphawu.
- Entanyeni, ebusweni, nasemlonyeni, kusenokubakho ukuba ndindisholo ngaphandle kwesizathu okanye isizathu esithile. Isenokuba lolunye uphawu losulelo olonakalise imithambo-luvo.
- Ukudumba kolwimi kunye nokutshintsha kobume beendonga zangaphakathi zomlomo, eziluphawu lotshintsho kwimizobo yezicubu zomlomo.
Iingxaki eziSebenzayo ngenxa yoMhlaza woMlomo
Kukho iingxaki ezininzi zokusebenza ukuba umntu usecaleni lomhlaza womlomo.
- Kubuhlungu okanye kunzima ukuhambisa ulwimi ngokuqhelekileyo.
- Ukuqina komhlathi kunye nengxaki yokuwuhambisa kakuhle.
- Ukujongana nengxaki yokuvula umlomo wakho ngokufanelekileyo (trismus).
- Utshintsho kwintetho kunye nelizwi ngenxa yosulelo lwangaphakathi.
- Ilizwi eliqhekezayo nelibuthathaka eliya lisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Umba wokufakwa kwamazinyo emboleko ebekade elingana kakuhle ngaphambili.
- Ukukhathazeka ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengokuthetha nokutya.
- Guqula ukumila kwentsini okanye ukulungelelana kwamazinyo.
Iimpawu zoMhlaza woMlomo ezinxulumene nezinyo
Kukho iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nemiba yamazinyo, njengokuthi, ngaphandle kwaso nasiphi na isifo okanye ukwenzakala kwiintsini, amazinyo ayakhululeka endaweni yawo. Ukuvuvukala kunye neentlungu kwi-muscle kunye neentsini ezijikeleze amazinyo, ezingaphiliyo ngamayeza. Ukulahleka kwamazinyo okanye imiba ekuhambeni kwamazinyo ngaphandle kwengcaciso. Intlungu emhlathini kunye nokuqina, ubukhulu becala kwindawo esezantsi yomhlathi. Kwanasemva kokugcina ucoceko lomlomo, ukuzingisa komphefumlo omdaka kangangeeveki. Kwaye eminye imiba inokubonwa kwicandelo lamazinyo ngaphambi kokuba umntu abe nomhlaza womlomo.
Ikhonkco phakathi kwe-HPV kunye noMhlaza woMlomo
I-HPV 16 luhlobo lwe-human papillomavirus eyaphuhliswa njengowona mngcipheko mkhulu womhlaza we-oropharyngeal. Yahlukile kunobangela wesintu womhlaza, owawulicuba. Uninzi lweziganeko zomhlaza womlomo zibangelwa licuba kubantu abadala. Umhlaza we-HPV ubonakala kakhulu kubantu abancinci kunye nabantu abangatshayiyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula kwisiseko solwimi okanye iitoni. I-HPV idibanisa kwi-DNA yenginginya, enzima kakhulu ukuyiphatha, kodwa inethuba eliphezulu lokusinda. Amatyala e-HPV positive aphendula ngcono kunyango kune-HPV negative cases, ukuya kuma-80%. Ukwanda komhlaza womlomo we-HPV kukwandise ukuqonda phakathi kwabantu abaneempawu ezinxulumeneyo. Uvavanyo kunye nokufunyanwa kwangoko kusoloko kungcono kunoluhlu olude lonyango kunye namayeza.
Iimpawu eziphambili zoMhlaza woMlomo
Ezinye iimpawu eziphambili kunye nezibalulekileyo ezinokuba luphawu lomhlaza womlomo:
- Ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza komzimba okungafunekiyo.
- Ukuvuvukala kwi-lymph nodes ngaphakathi kwentamo.
- Ingxaki ekuthetheni okanye ekuphefumleni ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeqhuma elingaphakathi emqaleni.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu kakhulu kwindawo echaphazelekayo ivela nje ngokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo.
- Inxalenye yobuso idumbile kwaye iba ndindisholo.
- Ubukho begazi xa ukhohlela okanye ukhohlela ngokuqhubekayo.
Ezi zimpawu zibonisa ubunzima bezifo, ezifuna ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango.
Ukwazi Amazinga okusinda kuMhlaza woMlomo
Amazinga okusinda komhlaza womlomo axhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Njenge, indawo yethumba, inqanaba lomhlaza ekubhaqweni kwalo okokuqala. Impendulo kunyango nayo ibalulekile. I-83% yabantu banamazinga okuphila ubuncinane iminyaka emi-5. Kodwa yehla ukuya kuma-35% kwiimetastases ezikude, kwaye ukusasazeka kwengingqi kuyehla ukuya kuma-65%. Iziphumo ezingcono kunye neziphumo zibonwa ngokufunyaniswa kwangoko kwalo mhlaza. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukuxilongwa kwamazinyo rhoqo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinefuthe kumazinga okuphila bubudala besigulane, ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunye notywala kunye neempawu zethumba.
Inkqubela phambili enkulu kubuchwepheshe bezonyango, njenge -chemotherapy , i-immunotherapy kunye ne-radiation therapy, iphucule amazinga okusinda kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngaphezu koko, umhlaza womlomo one-HPV ubonisa impendulo engcono xa kuthelekiswa nonyango kunye nezinga lokusinda xa kuthelekiswa ne-HPV negetive.
Abantu abanoMngcipheko oPhezulu
Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuqwalaselwa malunga nomngcipheko womhlaza womlomo kubantu njengoko kungezantsi:
- Abantu abasebenzisa icuba.
- Abo basela utywala kakhulu. Kwaye abo banecuba kunye notywala.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
- Abasetyhini bakhuselekile kancinci kunamadoda ngokomngcipheko.
- Umntu onesifo sosulelo lweHPV.
- Abantu abanembali yosapho yomhlaza womlomo.
- Imbali yonyango edlulileyo enxulumene nonyango lomhlaza womlomo.
isiphelo
Ukufunyanwa kweempawu zomhlaza womlomo kunye nokuthatha unyango olufanelekileyo kwisigaba sokuqala kunokongela ixesha, imali kunye nobomi bakho. Uninzi lweempawu azikhathaleli kuninzi lwethu, kodwa ukuba kukho utshintsho emzimbeni luhlala iintsuku ezili-12 okanye ngaphezulu. Ifuna ukuxilongwa kwangoko ngugqirha. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezilumkiso esixoxe ngazo kule bhlog zihlala ixesha elide, musa ukuzihoya. Gcina impilo yakho yomlomo emnandi, uphephe icuba kunye notywala, njengoko zombini ziyingozi emlonyeni nakwimiphunga kunye nesibindi. Kwaye uzivavanye rhoqo ngenyanga uwedwa ukuphucula ithuba lokufumana nantoni na kwasekuqaleni.
