Foraminotomy relieves pressure on the compressed nerves, by enlarging the area of the spinal column surrounding the bones. To support the spinal column, the intervertebral discs are located above and below the flat portion of each vertebra. The vertebrae are the bones that make up this chain. The spinal cord is held in place and protected from harm by the spinal cord column. The brain receives sensory data from the body through the spinal cord.

These nerves radiate from the spine, transmitting and receiving information. They leave the spinal column with a little hole between the vertebrae. These openings may be too small. Through a foraminotomy, the surgeon creates a cut on the neck or back to reveal the damaged vertebra. After that, the physician can surgically widen the intervertebral foramen and clear all blockages.

A foraminotomy is one of the most common major surgeries. Your doctor will be working adjacent to your spinal cord and will need to gain access to your backbone. It takes about two hours to finish this surgery. For open and minimally invasive cervical foraminotomies, the success rate was approximately 94%. Two years after the procedure, the success rate measures how successfully the surgery reduced discomfort brought on by nerve compression.

Who Can Get a Foraminotomy?

After experiencing back pain for at least three months or your body should show the following symptoms:

Acute or chronic pain in the neck area.
If you are unable to stand, walk, or sit for longer time periods.
Emission of pain from the neck, all the way up to the shoulders, hands, arms, and fingers.
Painful sensation that moves from the lower back and finally reaches to the legs, calves, feet, toes, and buttocks.

Types of Foraminotomy Surgery

Depending on the surgery’s location, there are different types. These are listed below:

1. Thoracic

This kind of foraminotomy procedure is the most prevalent. In this case, the middle or upper portion of the spine is treated for stenosis.

2. Cervical

The stenosis of the upper neck or spine is treated with this treatment. It helps relieve pressure from pinched nerves brought on by disc ruptures or osteophytes.

3. Sacral

It aids in the treatment of foraminal or spinal stenosis of the lower spine or pelvis.

4. Lumbar

Its exclusive focus is on treating spinal stenosis of the lower back or lower spine.

5. Coccygeal

It aids in the treatment of spinal or foraminal stenosis of the tailbone or adjacent areas.

Conditions That Foraminotomy Surgery Treat

This procedure is used to treat a number of disorders that cause spinal nerve shrinking. These conditions include:

Herniated discs
Foraminal stenosis
Bone spurs
Spinal arthritis
Degenerative disc disease

Benefits of Foraminotomy Surgery

1. Pain relief

Foraminotomy effectively reduces pain by reducing the pressure on the spinal nerve roots by removing the bone or tissue that is compressing them.

2. Improved mobility

Following surgery, patients frequently report greater mobility and less numbness, tingling, and paralysis in the affected limbs.

3. Quick recovery

After the process, you can sit up within a few hours and are able to return home on the same day. Your doctor will recommend you begin with carrying out day-to-day tasks only after a period of 30 days.

4. Less invasive option

Minor cuts, decrease in blood loss, lower levels of post-operative pain, and a speedier recovery are all possible outcomes of these operations as compared to the traditional process.

Risks

You should consider the risks and potential issues before having this surgery. The following are some of the risks connected with foraminotomy:

Infection
Nerve damage
Pain
Stroke
Spin problems may occur in future
Weakness
Blood clots
Incomplete pain relief
Complication from anesthesia
Blood loss

Diagnosis

Healthcare professionals perform some diagnostic tests before a foraminotomy. Tests may include:

Physical examination
CT scan
MRI scan

Procedure For Foraminotomy Surgery

a) Before The Process

You can have a word with your healthcare expert about the benefits, drawbacks, and other available substitutes for this treatment. Consent will be obtained before carrying out the activity.
A healthcare professional can ask for imaging tests to get information about the spinal column and nerves.

b) During The Procedures

A general anesthetic is used to make sure that you sleep. And also would refrain from experiencing any pain during the activity.
After that, lie facing your stomach towards the operation table.
With the help of a specialized tool, a surgeon will remove a small portion of the bone around the foramen to expand it. Cutting away bone tissue responsible for nerve compression may be necessary for this.
Once the foramen is expanded, any disc material, scar tissue or bone spurs, pressing on the nerve root is entirely removed. This relieves pressure on the nerve and can improve symptoms, such as pain, numbness, and weakness.
Following the removal of bone and tissue, the skin cut is closed and the muscles are repositioned.
The surgeon closes the cut with stitches or staples. A soft neck collar may be used if the surgery was performed on the neck.

c) After The Process

You will spend one or two days under observation in the hospital.
You are advised to move carefully after surgery, and you can typically sit up within two hours.
Pain management is provided, and some instructions on how to care for the surgical area at home.

Recovery After The Surgery

You can return to your daily life activities within a week, but full recovery will take months.
Twisting, weightlifting, driving, jogging, and bending should be avoided during this period.
Recovery from foraminotomy varies from person to person. You should consult with your surgeon about when to resume work.