Doing away with irregular tissues from the cervix is commonly termed as cervical conization.

The people who are most susceptible to this ill-health cervical cancer are namely:

Women,
Transsexual (trans) men, and
People assigned female at birth

Cone biopsy is a procedure where cone-shaped abnormal tissues are removed from the cervix. A biopsy provides inside image of your cervix, where cells, tissues, and fluids are all examined by a medical healthcare provider to determine suitable treatment.

Types of Cervical Biopsy

Punch biopsy:

- A circular blade is used here to take away a tissue sample. Area of the cervix necessitates one or more punch biopsies.

Cone biopsy:

- Laser, electrical loop, or scalpel is employed to resect a sizable cone-shaped portion of tissue from the cervix.

Endocervical curettage (ECC):

To remove anomalous bleeding in the uterus or check out for abnormal Pap tests this biopsy is preferred.
A narrow tool in the shape of a spoon known as a curette is used to scrape the lining of the endocervical canal. This area is hardly visible from the outside of the cervix.

Need for Cervical Biopsy

Any abnormality in a pelvic examination may necessitate cervical biopsy. The below conditions or symptoms may recommend one to go for the test:

Non-cancerous growths:

- A cervical biopsy can identify non-cancerous growths on the cervix, such as polyps.

Abnormal Pap tests:

- An abnormal Pap test result may suggest the existence of abnormal cells.

Genital warts:

- A positive HPV test can be a signal for the existence of high-risk HPV strains, which have been related to cervical cancer.

Risk Factors

Cone biopsy, although safe, carries certain risks. These may include:

Bleeding:

A little loss of blood bleeding is normal, but heavy bleeding may need medical attention.

Cervical Weakness:

When a cone-shaped piece of tissue is removed it can weaken the cervix, perhaps leading to complications in forthcoming pregnancies.

Infection:

Likeliness of risk for infection at the biopsy site increases, which can cause fever and pain.

Alteration in Menstrual Cycle:

Changes in the menstrual cycle of women cannot be ignored after the procedure.

Reactions to anesthesia:

Side-effects to anesthesia also should not be ignored, though these are rare.

Side-Effects of Cone Biopsy:

Menstrual cramps.
Moderate pain or discomfort.
Vaginal bleeding.

Treatment for Cervical Biopsy

1) Before the Procedure

Signing of a consent form that allows the surgeon to proceed with the surgery. Read the form thoroughly and where there is doubt, clear them before going ahead.
Try to avoid eating and drinking before the start of this medical surgery treatment.
Vaginal creams, sanitary pads and medications must be averted for 24 hours before the surgical procedure.
Inform your consulted doctor in case of pregnancy or contemplating having a child.
Any reaction to certain medications or anesthesia drugs should be revealed to the healthcare provider.
Avoid any sexual activity for 24 hours before the procedure
History of bleeding disorders, intake of blood-thinning drugs or medicines that affect blood-clotting should also be discussed.

2) During the Procedure

Anesthesia

General, regional or local anesthesia as per the medical condition and the surgeon’s advice is given to make the patient asleep and pain-free.

Removal of specimen:

To pull out a cone-shaped tissue sample from the cervix. Surgical knife, laser, or loop electrosurgical excision process is employed.
The size and depth of the cone biopsy may deffer as per the problem being treated of the patient.

Hemostasis:

Once the tissue sample is done away with, the surgeon uses procedures such as electrocautery or sutures to halt bleeding.

Recovery and follow-up:

After the procedure, patients are typically followed in a recovery area to monitor their vital signs. Pain medication can be prescribed.

3) After the Procedure

Type of biopsy depends on your recovery. Your blood pressure, heart beat and all vitals will be monitored just to make sure you are fit for discharge. You may need to take rest for a few hours in the clinic or hospital as part of the treatment.

Menstrual pain may be felt for some days and some over-the-counter pain medicines may be of help. Some safety measure to be taken include: