Swollen veins in the rectum and anus are usually known as piles or hemorrhoids. Pain, restlessness, and, at times, bleeding are different signs shown by these unhealthy veins.

Normally piles are classified as

Internal
External

External piles develop

Below the skin of anus

whereas internal piles

Develop inside the anus and lower rectum linings.

A diet rich in fiber content, whole grains, and drinking plenty of water, i.e., 8 to 10 glasses of water daily, is the best way to keep your bowel movements regular and decrease the symptoms for piles.

Types of Piles

Depending on how severe the condition of hemorrhoids, they are classified by grades as follows:

Grade 1: No prolapse.

Grade 2: Prolapse that resolves on its own.

Grade 3: Prolapse that requires self-push.

Grade 4: Prolapse that produces pain and cannot be pushed in on its own.

Treatment Methods of Piles

1) Rubber Band Ligation

Internal hemorrhoids of any severity up to Grade 3 are treated here.
- A tight band is stretched around the periphery of the hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply. Two or more surgeries may be required here during a time of 2 months.

It is not unpleasant, although you may experience pressure or slight discomfort.

2) Coagulation Therapy

Also known as infrared photocoagulation. Internal hemorrhoids of grades 1-3 are treated with this procedure. An electric current or infrared light is made use of to form scar tissue. This scar tissue limits the blood supply to the pile and this causes it to fall.

3) Sclerotherapy

In this procedure, a doctor injects a chemical solution into an internal hemorrhoid. This solution makes the nerve endings asleep and this ensures relief from pain. Scar tissue is formed that results in hemorrhoids to fall off.

4) Hemorrhoidectomy

Grades 3-4 hemorrhoids, massive external hemorrhoids, and hemorrhoids that are not improving with nonsurgical treatment are all suitably treated by this procedure.

5) Hemorrhoid stapling

Internal hemorrhoids that are prolapsed or have become big are treated here. External piles cannot be treated here.

6) Causes of Hemorrhoids

Exertion during Bowel Movements
Childbirth and Pregnancy
Obesity
Low-Fiber Diet
Sedentary Lifestyle
- Sitting or standing for unusually long periods
- Lack of exercise
  - Regular exercise promotes proper circulation and helps prevent this condition.

Symptoms

a) The symptoms of external hemorrhoids can include:

Skin sensation or itching effect around the anus.
Pain close to the anus, especially when sitting.
Soft lumps and swelling around the anus.
Defecation that is full of pain.
Bleeding in the rectum in case of internal piles.

b) The symptoms of internal hemorrhoids can include:

Passing of blood during bowel movements
Hemorrhoid dropping out of the anus, known as a prolapse

Risks and Complications

Pile surgery is generally safe and complications are rare.

a) A doctor should be consulted in the following cases:

You have a mostly or significantly bloody bowel movement.
You are having an excruciating stomach or anal ache.
You are experiencing diarrhea.
You are suffering from a fever.
You are having difficulty urinating.
You have external hemorrhoids that have thrombosed.

b) Serious complications can include:

Abscess, where there is a collection of pus and is painful that is an outcome of a bacteria infection.
Hemorrhage
Peritonitis, reddening of the lining of the abdominal cavity.
Sepsis, that is blood-poisoning.

Piles Surgery Procedure

Assessment and Diagnosis:

The doctor will visually inspect the anus or with the help of a Hill Ferguson retractor look for signs of hemorrhoids.
Diagnostic methods like anoscopy may be employed to inspect the rectum and conform for piles.

Excision:

General anesthesia is given before the surgery to cut open the hemorrhoidal tissue.
Using a laser, scalpel, or scissors the surgeon will remove the swollen hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoid separation: