Bone marrow transplantation is mainly recommended for millions of patients in our world. This medical procedure is applicable for managing different health problems like aplastic anemia, immune deficiency disorders and others. It is a surgery in which a surgeon replaces unhealthy bone marrow from a healthy one. If an individual wants to know about the process of bone marrow transplant in India, then he or she can take a preference from this blog.
This procedure is considered a better approach as compared to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It is also suggested for people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. This surgical procedure will be performed by a hematologist at an affordable price. He or she may use the recipient’s own cells or the donor stem cells for the treatment.
What are the Steps Required to perform Bone Marrow Transplantation?
The steps in which a bone marrow treatment or transplant procedure is performed in the department are as follows:
Step 1: Diagnostic Tests
A healthcare professional conducts various diagnostic tests for patients in the medical center. These are as follows:
- Physical Examination: A first diagnostic procedure, which is mainly suggested to identify the signs and symptoms associated with cancer, blood disorders and autoimmune diseases.
- Blood test: It is usually recommended for the identification of infection that occurs from blood disorders. This test is also suggested to check the proper working of the kidneys and liver.
- Chest X-ray or CT scan: A provider conducts this test for the detection of health conditions in liver, lungs and other organs.
- Electrocardiogram test: It is a simple procedure, which is mainly useful for the detection of heart conditions in adults and children.
- Echocardiogram test: This diagnostic procedure is mainly recommended to identify the conditions of the heart through an ultrasound scan.
- Bone marrow biopsy: It is mainly recommended for cancer treatment and other bone marrow disorders. This test helps to identify the proper function of the heart and bone marrow.
- Coronavirus test: A healthcare professional may perform a coronavirus test for both recipient and donor. If any of these test results show positive, then a transplantation procedure might be delayed.
Step 2: Harvesting
After a diagnostic procedure, a surgeon performs the harvesting process in the healthcare department. It can be possible in three different methods:
- Removal of stem cells from blood: A hematologist uses a special machine to remove the cells for harvesting. If the stem cells are present in excessive amounts, then the tubes are attached with veins in each arm. The blood is passed through these tubes and then it returns to the body.
- Elimination of bone marrow sample: A surgical device named a needle is inserted into different parts of the hip to eliminate a liter of bone marrow from the hip bone. This procedure can be performed under general anesthesia so that a patient won’t feel pain during the surgery.
- Separate the stem cells with umbilical cord: A surgeon makes a small incision in an umbilical cord and then collects the blood from this area. After that, he or she will use an apheresis machine to separate the stem cells with blood.
Step 3: Conditioning
A surgeon uses high doses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy before the bone marrow transplantation. It is mainly essential to destroy the bone marrow cells, which are affected from cancer and other autoimmune diseases.
The medicines will be given through a central line tube for the conditioning process. This will usually take at least one or two weeks in the healthcare department.
Step 4: Transplant Procedure
After the conditioning process, a hematologist performs a bone marrow transplantation for cancer and non-cancer patients. This procedure can be performed in two different ways:
- Infusion: A surgeon gives an intravenous (IV) injection to a patient to infuse the collected stem cells into the patient’s bloodstream.
- Engraftment: The infused cells are attached with the bone marrow and start delivering healthy cells into the human body.
Step 5: Recovery
After the transplantation procedure, a patient is suggested to stay in a hospital for one or two weeks. He or she will be taken into a recovery room for the identification of their health complications .
A patient must schedule regular appointments in the medical center. It is mainly recommended for his or her overall health.
Benefits of Bone Marrow Transplant in India
The advantages of this surgical procedure are as follows:
- It is a safe and effective procedure for individuals.
- This surgery provides relief from symptoms that occur from cancer and other disorders.
- It improves the quality of life in adults and children.
Risks and Complications Bone Marrow Transplantation
This surgery also leads to multiple complications like other surgical procedures. These include the following:
- Mouth sores
- Gastrointestinal irritation
- Damage in liver or heart
- Graft failure
- Graft versus host disease
- Thrombocytopenia
- Fluid overload
- Anemia
- Respiratory distress
Conclusion
This blog explains the different ways to perform bone marrow transplant in India. It is vital for both male and female patients who suffer from cancer and other disorders in our world. This procedure will be helpful but it may also lead to serious complications.
