Umdlavuza wegilo uhlobo lomdlavuza oluyivelakancane kakhulu. Uma kukhona ukukhula kwamangqamuzana amaningi endlaleni yegilo futhi esengozini yokuba nomdlavuza, lolu shintsho lubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wegilo. Iqala ukukhula amangqamuzana endlala yegilo ezungeza uqhoqhoqho entanyeni. Le ndlala ikhipha amahomoni asiza ukulawula umzimba nemisebenzi yomzimba, njengokukhula, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, umfutho wegazi njll. Ngokocwaningo, kuboniswa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-5 lac babhekene nalesi sifo emhlabeni wonke. Inani leziguli zesifazane lingaphezu kwabesilisa. Ngemva kokutholakala ukuthi banezifo ezinjalo ezisongela ukuphila, iziguli zibheka izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwelashwa zokwelapha umdlavuza wegilo. Ngezikhungo zezokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe, kungenzeka ukwelapha izinhlobo ezinjalo zomdlavuza, futhi zonke izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwelapha umdlavuza wegilo zizochazwa ngezansi.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wegilo

Ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezine ngesisekelo semvelaphi yalawo mangqamuzana anomdlavuza, futhi lezi zimi kanje:

I-Papillary Cancer: Kuwuhlobo oluvamile futhi luthinta ama-lymph nodes entanyeni. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungelapheka ngokwelashwa.
I-Follicular Cancer: Kulo mdlavuza udlulela kwezinye izingxenye zamathambo nezitho zomzimba, njengamaphaphu. Umdlavuza we-metastatic, ngakho ukwelashwa kwawo akulula kangako.
I-Medullary Cancer: Ukuguqulwa kofuzo noma ukulandelana kwe-DNA kanye nomlando womndeni onesifo esifanayo kungaba isizathu salokhu uhlobo lomdlavuza.
I-Anaplastic Cancer: Kunzima ukuyelapha ngoba isakazeka ngokushesha kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zomdlavuza Wegilo

Umdlavuza wegilo unezimpawu ezithile ezibonakalayo ezingabonakala ngaphansi kwentamo ngesimo sezigaxa ezingenabuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wegilo zingabonakala ezilandelayo:

Kunzima ukugwinya
Umphimbo obuhlungu
Intamo evuvukele ngenxa yesigaxa
Ubuhlungu bendlebe
Ukushintsha kwezwi ngenxa yokuklwebheka emphinjeni (hoarseness)
Unciphise iphango
Ukuzizwa ngikhathele
Ukuphefumula kanzima
Ukukhwehlela okungapheli

Izimbangela Zomdlavuza We-thyroid

Imbangela eqondile yomdlavuza wegilo ayaziwa ngokugcwele okwamanje, noma kunjalo, nazi ezinye izici ezingase ziwubangele.

Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine
Isici sobulili njengabesifazane sithambekele kakhulu kunabesilisa
Ukuchayeka emisebeni
ukhuluphele
Abantu abaphakathi kuka-25 kuya ku-65 banamathuba amaningi okuthi bayithuthukise
Umlando womndeni wezifo ezihlobene ne-thyroid
Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungabangela ukuguqulwa kofuzo olunempilo

Izinqubo zokwelashwa komdlavuza we-thyroid

Kunemithetho ethile okufanele ilandelwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza wegilo. Lokhu kubalulwe ngezansi:

Ukuxilongwa Nokuhlolwa

Izifo kufanele zitholwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ngakho udokotela angenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njenge-PET ne-CT scan
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
Biopsy
Ukuhlolwa komzimba
I-MRI
Endoscopy yomphimbo
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-thyroid noma Ukutholwa kwe-iodine ene-Radioactive
ultrasound

izigaba

Isiteji sayo sichaza ukuthi isakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani kanye nobukhulu bayo. Uhlelo lwe-TNM lusetshenziselwa ukuchaza isigaba somdlavuza wegilo.

T (I-Tumor): Ichaza ubukhulu kanye nendawo eqondile yesimila.
N (Nodes): Itshela ukuthi ama-lymph nodes athintwe yini noma cha yilo mdlavuza.
M (Metastasis): Yisigaba se-metastatic lapho umdlavuza usakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wegilo

Ngokwesisekelo sohlobo lwawo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa. Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlinzeka ngohlelo lokwelapha olusebenzayo lokulwa nomdlavuza wegilo. Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokwelapha isimila se-thyroid ezinjengalezi:

Ukuhlinzwa: Ukwelashwa kokuqala ukususa i-lobe kubizwa ngokuthi i-lobectomy kanti indlala yegilo yonke iyasuswa yaziwa ngokuthi i-thyroidectomy. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sobukhulu bayo kanye nokuvela kwalawa maseli angajwayelekile.
I-Chemotherapy: Kunemithi ethile esetshenziselwa ukumisa nokubulala lawo maseli asakazwa umdlavuza. Ingathathwa ngomlomo noma ngomthambo. Lawa makhemikhali athinta indawo ethile yamaseli akhiqiza umdlavuza.
I-Thyroid Hormone Therapy: Kuyasiza ukususa lawo ma-hormone angase andise ingozi yomdlavuza wegilo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Radioiodine: Kulokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa iodine enemisebe ngendlela yesisombululo noma ithebhulethi. Indlala yegilo imunca le radioiodine futhi ngale ndlela umuthi ubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza egilo.
Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe: Kulokhu kwelashwa, kusetshenziswa leyo mithi ehlonza futhi ihlasele amangqamuzana anomdlavuza. Kunama-inhibitors athile avimba amasignali namaprotheni alawo maseli akhuthaza umdlavuza.
Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe: Kungokwezinhlobo ezimbili lapho ukukhanya okuphezulu kusetshenziswa khona ukubulala amaseli wesimila. Ekwelashweni kwemisebe yangaphakathi, into ekhipha imisebe ifakwa kumaseli omdlavuza wegilo ngocingo noma nge-catheter.