Umdlavuza wobuchopho wuhlobo lomdlavuza lapho kuba khona ukwakheka ngokweqile kwamangqamuzana angavamile noma izixuku ngesimo sesimila ebuchosheni noma somgogodla. Ikakhulukazi, umdlavuza wobuchopho yizimila, kodwa akuzona zonke izimila zobuchopho ezinomdlavuza. Ngokwezibalo zezibalo, kutholakala ukuthi iziguli ezingaphezu kwe-3 lakh emhlabeni jikelele zinomdlavuza wobuchopho futhi zifuna ubuchopho. ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Lesi sifo sithinta impilo yomuntu, ukwelashwa kwaso kuvame ukuba yinselelo ngoba sidlulela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Ukwelashwa kufanele kuhlelwe ngempumelelo ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono. Nali ulwazi ngomdlavuza wobuchopho, izimbangela zawo, izimpawu, nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuwuphatha ngendlela ephumelelayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha, ezingahluka kuye ngesiguli.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wengqondo

Ingatholakala ngesimo sezilonda, ama-cysts, namathumba. Lezi zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-120. Nokho, ngokwamabanga abo, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili. Lawa mabanga amele ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, futhi isukela kumabanga I kuya ku-IV. I-I kanye ne-II ingeyebanga eliphansi, kanti i-III ne-IV ibhekwa njengebanga eliphezulu.

I-Benign Tumor: Lezi azinawo umdlavuza noma zinezinga eliphansi. Inciphisa ukukhula kwesimila futhi ingase yelashwe.
I-Malignant Tumor: Lezi zinomdlavuza wezinga eliphezulu ebuchosheni. Izimila eziyingozi zibhekwa njengezimila eziyinhloko eziqala ngaphakathi kobuchopho kodwa zisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba noma ngokuphambene nalokho.

Izimbangela Zomdlavuza Wengqondo

Imbangela yesimila ebuchosheni ayaziwa ngokugcwele okwamanje. Nokho, kunezici ezithile zobungozi ezingaba nesibopho. Lezi zimi kanje:

Isimo sofuzo: Lesi simo singadala ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamaseli futhi sibangele umdlavuza wobuchopho.

I-ionizing Radiation: Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ionizing, efana ne-CT scan nama-X-ray, kungabangela umdlavuza wobuchopho. Kungenxa yokuthi lena imisebe ye-carcinogenic engase ibangele umdlavuza wobuchopho.

Ubudala: Iziguli ze-Geriatric zivame ukuba nesimila ebuchosheni, futhi sibonakala nasezinganeni.

Izimpawu Zakuqala Nezimpawu Zomdlavuza Wengqondo

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wobuchopho ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho ethintekile kanye nobukhulu besimila. Kunezinye zezimpawu nezimpawu zayo, ezinjengalezi:

Ukulahlekelwa kwememori
bekhanda
Ukuvota
Ukukhubazeka kombono
ukuquleka
Izinguquko ekuziphatheni, ebuntwini, nekhono lokucabanga
Ukungazi
Inkinga yokukhuluma nokuhamba
Ukuba ndikindiki kwesinye sezitho zomzimba

Inqubo Yokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wengqondo

Ukuxilongwa Kokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wengqondo

Kungatholakala esigulini ngemva kokuhlola ezinye zezokwelapha udokotela. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuskena isithombe sobuchopho, esishiwo ngezansi:

I-Imaging Technique: I-MRI ne-CT scans izindlela zokuthwebula izithombe zokuthola izithombe zangaphakathi zomzimba. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kobuchopho.
Isidumbu: Kuyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho kuqoqwa khona isampula yezicubu noma amaseli ukuze kutholwe ubukhona besifo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Kwenziwa ngokuhlola ikhono lokulawula lobuchopho. Njengama-reflexes, ukumomotheka, ukuhamba, njll.

Izinjongo Zokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wengqondo

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi umdlavuza wobuchopho ungelapheka yini noma cha. Nokho, ukwelashwa kwawo kuncike eminyakeni yobudala, ubunzima, uhlobo noma isigaba somdlavuza wobuchopho kanye nobukhulu bawo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziyehluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wobuchopho kungase kwelaphe noma kulawule umdlavuza wobuchopho ngalezi zinhloso ezilandelayo:

Yehlisa ijubane noma uvimbele amaseli noma izicubu ezinomdlavuza.
Bhubhisa amaseli anomdlavuza wobuchopho.
Yandisa amathuba okululama.
Yehlisa izimpawu zomdlavuza wobuchopho.

Izinhlobo Zokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wengqondo

Izinhlobo zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu eziwusizo ekwelapheni umdlavuza wobuchopho yilezi ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlinzwa

I-Craniotomy, ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngokwenza imbobo encane noma ukusika ogebhezini ukuze kukhishwe isimila sonke. Iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi olusetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelapha ekususeni isimila ebuchosheni ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, amanye amasu asetshenziswa ngokuhambisana, njenge-endoscopy, biopsy, i-intraoperative MRI, imephu yobuchopho, njll.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelapha kusetshenziselwa ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana anomdlavuza ebuchosheni. Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umuthi owodwa noma ngenhlanganisela yeminye imithi noma imisebe. Ukuphathwa kwalo muthi kungathathwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Njengefomu lomlomo, ukujova emithanjeni yegazi, ezingalweni, naku-cerebrospinal fluid, noma intrathecal. imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu kwelashwa kuthathwa ngemijikelezo, enganikezwa emtholampilo kadokotela ngaphandle kokungeniswa esibhedlela.

Ukwelashwa Kwezidakamizwa Okuhlosiwe

Lapho okunye ukwelashwa kungasebenzi kunokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe kusetshenziswa. Lo muthi uqondise ngempumelelo lawo maseli athile adala umdlavuza ebuchosheni futhi avimbele umdlavuza ukuthi ungasakazeki.

I-Radiation Therapy

Kulokhu kwelashwa, kusetshenziswa imisebe yangaphandle ukubulala amangqamuzana esimila ebuchosheni ngaphandle kokuwulimaza. Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe yokukhanya enamandla kusetshenziswa njenge-X ray ukuze kulimaze noma kubambezele ukukhula kwamangqamuzana ayingozi ebuchosheni. Iphindaphindwa izikhathi eziningi, okuncike ebukhulu besifo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa ngemisebe:

I-Radiosurgery: Imisebe yemisebe isetshenziswa endaweni okuhloswe kuyo amangqamuzana abangela umdlavuza ngaphandle kokuthinta izicubu ezinempilo. Ukwelapha ngemisebe okungavamisile, okuhlanganisa i-Cyberknife noma i-Novalis Tx kanye ne-Gamma knife.
I-Radiotherapy: Kuwukwelapha kwangaphandle kwe-radiation esetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelapha isimila ebuchosheni. I-radiotherapy ihlose amangqamuzana abangela umdlavuza, izicubu eziseduze, ngisho nobuchopho bonke. Lena i-Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Treatment, noma i-WBRT, yokwelapha isimila se-metastatic.