Umdlavuza wegazi (umdlavuza we-hematologic) umdlavuza othinta amangqamuzana egazi, umnkantsha wethambo, kanye nesistimu ye-lymphatic. Umnkantsha ungumenzi oyinhloko wamangqamuzana egazi, nalapho avuthwa khona futhi enze imisebenzi yawo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela ethuthukisiwe kanye nomonakalo omncane, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza okufanelekile kubalulekile. Iziguli ezinomdlavuza wegazi zinamangqamuzana akhula ngokungalawuleki abangela umdlavuza wegazi ukuthi uphazamise izinqubo zegazi ezivamile. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wegazi kunganciphisa ukukhula komdlavuza wegazi futhi kungafaka nemithi yomlomo kanye nokubhekisiswa eduze.

Namuhla, igazi eliningi ukwelashwa komdlavuza izinketho ziyatholakala, futhi lezi zishintsha njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okuthandwa yisiguli kanye nobunzima bomdlavuza kuzogqamisa inkambo nobude bokwelashwa. Umgomo wokugcina uwukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yesiguli ngaphandle kokudela noma ukuyekethisa ngempilo yaso.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wegazi

Ngobubanzi, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zomdlavuza wegazi, ezichazwe kafushane ngezansi:

Umdlavuza wegazi: Ihambisana nomdlavuza womnkantsha negazi. Lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ekhiqizwa ngokweqile, okulimaza amangqamuzana ethu egazi anamandla.
I-Lymphoma: Isimiso se-lymphatic siyathinteka, futhi lokhu kuyingxenye yamasosha omzimba. Ukwanda okungavamile kwama-lymphocyte kubonakala lapha.
IMyeloma: Uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi olukhula futhi luphindaphindeke ngokushesha emnkantsheni. I-Myeloma, eyaziwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wamangqamuzana e-plasma, icindezela ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba anciphisa ukuzivikela komzimba futhi andise ukuthambekela komzimba ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.

Yini Ebangela Umdlavuza Wegazi?

Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingakhuphula amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wegazi, ezinye zazo ezinikezwe ngezansi njenge:

Hereditary izici: Ukungajwayelekile kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe kubazali babo kunomkhuba omkhulu wokuba nomdlavuza wegazi ezimweni ezithile zofuzo. Ukwengeza, ezinye izimo, njenge-Down syndrome, zingandisa ingozi.
Ukuvezwa kwemisebe: Imithamo ephezulu yokukhipha imisebe, njengaleyo etholwa lapho kwenzeka izingozi zenuzi noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwezinye izifo ezimbi, kungalimaza i-DNA yamangqamuzana egazi futhi kubangele umdlavuza wegazi.
Ukuchayeka Kumakhemikhali: Lapho kuvezwa izakhi ezithile, amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wegazi ayanda. I-Benzene, ikhemikhali engaphephile ne-carcinogenic, ingenye yezakhi ezinjalo ezitholakala kuma-volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Ukuncipha ohlelweni lwamasosha omzimba: Noma yisiphi isimo esinciphisa amandla omzimba womuntu, njenge-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), sibangela umdlavuza wegazi. Esimeni esinjalo, amandla okumelana nomzimba ayancipha kancane kancane, futhi lokhu kuvumela amangqamuzana angavamile ukuba akhule futhi ande ngokushesha.
Ubulili noma Ubudala: Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi zibonakala kakhulu kwabesilisa noma abesifazane ikakhulukazi, futhi ingozi iyanda njengoba umuntu ekhula. Isibonelo, abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu kuma-lymphomas athile, futhi i-leukemia igqame kakhulu emadodeni.
Izimo Zezempilo Ezinde: Izifo ezingamahlalakhona njengokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza kwangaphambilini kwesinye isikhathi kungasheshisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wegazi. Isibonelo, iziguli eziye zadlula imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngoba eminye imidlavuza ingase ibe sengozini enkulu ye-leukemia kamuva.

Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wegazi

Umdlavuza wegazi uthinta igazi, i-lymphatic system, noma umnkantsha, futhi lokhu kungaholela ezimpawini nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

Ukulimala noma ukopha okungaphenduliwe: Uma umuntu enemihuzuko kaningi, opha ngamakhala, noma izinsini ezibonakala futhi opha, lokhu kungase kube isiqalo somdlavuza wegazi. Lokhu kungaba umphumela wamaplatelet, ashintshwayo futhi asiza igazi ukuthi lihlule.
Ukukhathala: Lesi esinye sezimpawu eziqashelwa kabanzi futhi siyaqhubeka lapho umzimba ungatholi igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo elanele.
Amagciwane avame kakhulu: Maningi amathuba okuthi umdlavuza wegazi wehlise amasosha omzimba, lokhu kwenza umzimba ungene kalula ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Umuntu angase aqaphele ukugula kakhulu kunokunye, noma ukungabi nampilo kuyanda ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ama-lymph Node Avuvukale: Amancane afana nobhontshisi, ama-lymph nodes asiza ukulwa nezifo. Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, ikakhulukazi entanyeni, ezinqeni, nasemakhwapheni, kungase kubonise ukuba khona kwe-lymphoma, okuhlukile komdlavuza wegazi.
I-Mystifying Weight Loss: Uma uzizwa ulambile kancane noma ulahlekelwa isisindo ngokungazi, lokhu kungaba inkomba yomdlavuza wegazi.
Ubuhlungu Bamathambo noma Amalunga: Ubuhlungu bethambo noma obuhlangene buvamile ezigulini ezihlaselwe umdlavuza. Uma kukhona iqoqo lamangqamuzana egazi angavamile emnkantsheni, khona-ke uhlobo olunjalo lobuhlungu luyatholakala.

Izinhlobo Zokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wegazi

Izindlela zokwelapha isiguli somdlavuza wegazi ziyehluka, futhi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezikwazi ukwelapha umdlavuza wegazi zichazwe ngezansi:

Ukuhlonza kanye Nokuhlola

Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala ekwelapheni umdlavuza wegazi.
Ungoti wezempilo angakwazi ukuhlola igazi, ukuhlola umnkantsha kanjalo nokuthwebula izithombe ukuze azi ukuthi umdlavuza wegazi ukhona yini emzimbeni.
Ukuxilongwa okufanele kuyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe uhlelo lokwelapha umdlavuza wegazi.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Lokhu kwelashwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yomdlavuza wegazi esigabeni sokuqala.
Izidakamizwa ezinamandla zisetshenziswa lapha ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona kuwo wonke umzimba.
Amaphilisi noma imijovo isetshenziswa lapha.
Kungenziwa ngemijikelezo ukuvumela umzimba ukuthi ululame phakathi kokwelashwa.

I-Radiation Therapy

Imisebe yamandla aphezulu isetshenziswa ukukhomba nokuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Lapho umdlavuza uthinta izindawo ezithile, khona-ke le nqubo isetshenziswa, njengalapho kukhulisiwe ama-lymph node.
Ukukhishwa kwemisebe kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngemithamo emincane ngezikhathi eziningi.
Imiphumela emibi ingase ihlanganise ukucasuka kwesikhumba nokukhathala endaweni ephathwayo.

Ukufakelwa Kwethambo Lomnkantsha/Iseli Yesiqu

Ukwelashwa komnkantsha ezigulini ezinomdlavuza, futhi iziguli ezithile ezinomdlavuza zingadinga lolu hlobo lokwelashwa.
Umnkantsha onegciwane noma olimele uthathelwa indawo i-stem cell enempilo. Lokhu kufakelwa bese kubuyisela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi avamile.

immunotherapy

Lena enye yezindlela ezintsha, futhi amandla okumelana nomzimba asetshenziselwa ukuhlonza nokubulala wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza angenampilo.
Ukwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa kwe-CAR T-cell, lapho amangqamuzana okuzivikela omzimba eziguli ngokwawo ejwayelana ngokuqinile ukuze alwe nomdlavuza kusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo lapha.
Amasosha omzimba ayakhuthazeka ukuba abone futhi aqede amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe njalo ekwelapheni umdlavuza wegazi ukuze kuqashwe inqubekelaphambili. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza futhi nemiphumela engemihle iyalawuleka.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo

Ukuzama ukubamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka kungase kube inketho enhle ezigulini eziningi ezihlushwa umdlavuza wegazi.
Lezi zinhlolo zivivinya izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha futhi zinganikeza ukufinyelela kumakhambi asezingeni eliphezulu angakatholakali kabanzi.

Izinyathelo Zokuqaphela Kumdlavuza Wegazi

Asikho isiqinisekiso sokuvinjelwa ngokuphelele komdlavuza wegazi, kodwa ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezishiwo ngezansi ungancishiswa kakhulu:

Gwema Ukubhema: Ukuze ugweme i-leukemia, kufanele uyeke ngokuphelele ukubhema.
Ukuchayeka kuma-Carcinogens: Ukufinyelela kumakhemikhali afana ne-formaldehyde ne-benzene kufanele kugwenywe njengoba lawa angama-carcinogens.
Ukudla Ukudla Okunempilo Nokulinganisela: Izithelo nemifino ecebile ngama-antioxidants namavithamini kufanele kuthathwe ngobuningi ukusiza ukuvikela amaseli.