I-bile duct iyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu sohlobo lweshubhu ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya. Kubandakanya ukuxhumana phakathi kwezitho ezintathu ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa isibindi, inyongo, namathumbu. Leli shubhu elincane lidlulisela uketshezi lwe-bile lusuka esibindini luye enyongweni. Lapho amangqamuzana engajwayelekile ku-bile duct canal, kuholela kumdlavuza we-bile duct ezigulini. Kuyisimila esingandile futhi esinamandla, esingeke selapheke kalula. Le nkinga ingakuthinta kunoma ibuphi ubudala futhi ikakhulukazi ivela ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zezokwelapha zokwelapha umdlavuza we-bile duct, lapho ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yeziguli. Uma le nketho ingasizi, khona-ke udokotela angase enze ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Indlela yokufakelwa kwesibindi nayo iyanconywa ekwelapheni lesi simo sezempilo.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Webile

Lesi simo sezempilo siyizinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene. Lezi zimi kanje:

I-Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Kwenzeka kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ze-bile duct ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Le nkinga ayijwayelekile futhi ivame ukubhekwa njengomdlavuza wesibindi ezigulini.
I-Distal Cholangiocarcinoma: Umdlavuza womgudu wenyongo uvame ukuvela ngaphandle kwesibindi. Le nkinga ayivamile futhi ingathinta abantu abangamaphesenti angu-20 noma angu-30.
I-Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Kwenzeka kakhulu enhlonhlweni yesokunxele nakwesokudla yomgudu wenyongo. Le nkinga ithinta amaphesenti angu-50 noma angu-60 abantu, futhi izimpawu zayo zifana ne-distal cholangiocarcinoma.

Izimpawu ze-Bile duct Cancer

Izimpawu zale nkinga yezempilo zimi kanje:

I-Nausea ne-Vomiting
Umchamo omnyama
Izihlalo ezinombala okhanyayo
jaundice
Ubuhlungu besisu
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
Ukukhathala
Umkhuhlane namakhaza
I-gallbladder ehlukanisiwe
I-Pruritus
Ukulahleka kwesifiso

Ukuxilongwa Kwe-Bile Duct Cancer

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga zalesi simo sezempilo zimi kanje:

I-Endoscopic Ultrasound: An i-endoscopy ihlanganiswe ne-ultrasound ukuze ithwebule izithombe ezivela emgudwini wamathumbu. Le nqubo iyafana ne-endoscopy ephezulu futhi iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuxilongeni umdlavuza we-bile duct ezigulini.
I-Angiography: Udokotela usebenzisa le nqubo ukuze ahlole ukuvaleka komgudu wenyongo kanye nokubona ngeso lengqondo imithambo yegazi ezungeze isimila.
I-Endoscopy yesisu: Ithuluzi elincane neliguquguqukayo, elaziwa ngokuthi i-endoscope, lifakwa kumminzo ngomlomo noma ngomphimbo. Ixhunywe nekhamera ukuze kuhlolwe uhlelo lokugaya ukudla. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlinzwa, isiguli singase sidinge isihloko somuthi obulala izinzwa noma izinhlungu.
I-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography: Udokotela okhethekile ujova okuhlukile kumgudu wenyongo nge-endoscope. Angase futhi athathe izithombe ze-X-ray ukuze agqamise ukungajwayelekile okuhambisana nakho umdlavuza. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlinzwa, kungase kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy ukuze kuhlonzwe izicubu ze-bile duct.
I-Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography: Inalithi encane ixhunywe nenye yamapayipi enyongo futhi into ehlukile ijovwe ngalo mshini. Ngemva kokujova, udokotela angase athathe izithombe ze-X-ray ukuze abuke isihlahla se-biliary. Le nqubo ingcono kune-ERCP njengoba izovumela ukufinyelela okuqondile kumgudu wenyongo.
I-Cholangioscopy: Idivayisi ekhethekile ye-endoscopic, eyaziwa ngokuthi, i-cholangioscopy ifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-bile duct, lapho udokotela angakwazi ukubuka isimila kalula. Le nqubo yokuxilonga izokwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-ERCP.

Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza We-Bile

Umdlavuza webile ungelashwa ngezindlela eziningi. Lokhu kubandakanya okulandelayo:

Ukuhlinzwa: Kubandakanya ukukhishwa kwe-bile duct ngokugcwele noma ingxenye. Le ndlela yokwelapha iyanconywa futhi ekuphathweni komgudu ovinjiwe.
I-Chemotherapy: Imithi enamandla yemithi isetshenziselwa ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukushwabana izimila ezigulini. Zingafakwa emthanjeni futhi zihambe kuwo wonke umzimba. Le ndlela yokuhlinzwa yenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwesibindi. Iwusizo ku-cholangiocarcinoma ethuthukisiwe esiza ekubambezeleni isifo futhi ikhulule izimpawu nezimpawu zaso.
I-Immunotherapy: Udokotela usebenzisa ama-checkpoint inhibitors, esiza amasosha omzimba ukuthi alwe namaseli omdlavuza. Le ndlela yokwelapha ilungele ikakhulukazi umdlavuza we-bile duct, lapho amanye amasu engakwazi ukuphatha le nkinga yezempilo.
Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe: Imishayo yamandla enamandla amakhulu isetshenziselwa ukuvikela amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kuhilela umshini lapho imisebe iqondiswa isimila. Umhlinzeki wezempilo usebenzisa ubuhlalu obuncane bemisebe, obungase bufakwe emithanjeni yegazi. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kusiza ukunciphisa izimila futhi kunikeza isivikelo kulesi simo sezempilo.
I-Biliary Drainage: Ishubhu elincanyana lifakwa embotsheni yenyongo ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi lwenyongo olungenampilo. Lokhu kusiza ekudambiseni ukuvaleka kulo msele nokunciphisa izimpawu ezifana ne-jaundice, ukulunywa, nokunye okuningi.