Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, nomhlaza wesibeleko sesinye sezifo ezisongela ubomi ezingabonakaliyo kubantu abaninzi. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sisifo esiyingozi esikhula kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko. Yinxalenye esezantsi yesibeleko, edibanisa isibeleko ukuya kwilungu lobufazi. Kukho iimpawu ezithile umntu anokwazi ngazo ukuba unomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye akanawo. Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kukopha kwegazi kwilungu lobufazi, njl. Kule bhlog, siza kuxoxa ngeempawu zokuqala zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko nezinye ezininzi. Ngoko hlala ubukele, kude kube sekupheleni.
Yintoni uMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko?
Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko umhlaza apho kukhula khona iiseli zomhlaza ezinobungozi emlonyeni wesibeleko. Yinxalenye esezantsi nencinci yesibeleko, edibanisa isibeleko nelungu lobufazi. Ibangela umhlaza ngokubanzi ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi. Zibangela usulelo oluqhubekayo olune-HPV virus enomngcipheko ophezulu.
Zithini Iimpawu Zokuqala Zomhlaza Wesibeleko?
Kukho iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko apho umntu angazi khona ukuba unesifo somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye akunjalo aze acwangcise unyango lwaso ngokufanelekileyo. Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko zibonakala kakhulu ngamanqanaba. Kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo, anje ngala:
Isigaba 1: Iimpawu zokuqala
Linyathelo lokuqala okanye isigaba apho iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko zincinci khona. Kweli nqanaba, kufuneka udibane nogqirha ukuqinisekisa ukuba unomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye awunawo. Ezinye zeempawu kweli nqanaba zezi:
Ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi
Ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi yingxaki eyenzeka emva komjikelo oqhelekileyo wokuya exesheni. Le ngxaki iyenzeka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, ukuya exesheni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha xa uchama. Oku kwenzeka kuba iiseli zomhlaza zakuqala zonakalisa imithambo yegazi yomlomo wesibeleko kwaye ziyayicaphukisa ilungu lobufazi ngamanye amaxesha.
Ukukhutshwa kwelungu lobufazi ngokungaqhelekanga
Ukuphuma kwamanzi kwilungu lobufazi okungaqhelekanga lulwelo olucacileyo okanye olumhlophe oluphuma kwilungu lobufazi. Luquka utshintsho kumbala, ivumba elibi elibi, utshintsho kwimilo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo kunye nokutshintsha kweehomoni.
Iintlungu Ngexesha Lokwabelana Ngesondo
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-dyspareunia kwaye yintlungu eqhelekileyo kunye nentlungu yesini ngexesha okanye emva kokwabelana ngesondo, ungaziva iintlungu ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwisini sakho. Ungaziva iintlungu ezibi kakhulu ngexesha lokungena nzulu okanye usulelo kwisini.
Ukungakhululeki kwePelvic
Ukungakhululeki kwe-pelvic yintlungu oyivayo esezantsi esiswini naphakathi kwamaqatha kwaye ibangelwa kukukhula kwethumba kwangoko. Inokuba yintlungu ekhaphukhaphu okanye enzima kwaye inokubangelwa ziinkqubo zokuzala okanye zomchamo. Inganyangeka ngamayeza kunye notyando.
Isigaba sesi-2: Isigaba esiPhakathi
Kule nqanaba, umhlaza ufikelela ngaphaya komlomo wesibeleko kwaye kufuneka udibane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye zeempawu zesigaba esiphambili zezi:
Intlungu yePelvic okanye esezantsi yoMqolo eqhubekayo
Kule nqanaba, ithumba lisasazeka kwimithambo-luvo, kwimisipha nakwizitho ze-pelvis. Libangela iintlungu ezingapheliyo nezinzima kwi-pelvis nasezantsi komqolo.
Ukopha kakhulu exesheni
Kubandakanya umjikelo wokuya exesheni omde nongacwangciswanga kuba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uphazamisa umjikelo wokuya exesheni kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo komlomo wesibeleko.
Intlungu Ngexesha Lokuchama
Kwinqanaba eliphakathi lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, uziva iintlungu xa uchama kuba umhlaza ucinezela isinyi kunye nomchamo, nto leyo ebangela ukutsha kunye nentlungu kwilungu lobufazi.
Intlungu Ngexesha Lokuhamba Kwamathumbu
Ziimpawu ezinokubonakala kwinqanaba eliphezulu lomhlaza. Iyaziwa ngokuba yi-dyschezia apho ithumba likhula ngaphaya komlomo wesibeleko kunye namalungu e-pelvic akufutshane. Ithumba lichaphazela ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo imithambo-luvo ye-pelvic kwaye likhokelela kwiintlungu ngexesha lokuphuma kwesisu.
Isigaba 3: Isigaba Esiphambili
Kwinqanaba eliphezulu lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ithumba lifikelela kwamanye amalungu anjengesibindi, izintso, njl. Ezinye zeempawu kweli nqanaba zezi:
Intlungu Enzima Yesinqe Nesisu
Xa umhlaza sele ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu, iimpawu zawo ziyasasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kwaye zibangela iintlungu ezinkulu zesinqe nesisu. Intlungu yenzeka kuba umthambo kunye nelungu lomzimba zihlaselwa ziiseli zomhlaza.
Ukwehla kobunzima ngesiquphe
Njengoko ithumba likhula kwaye lichaphazela amanye amalungu omzimba, lichaphazela imetabolism kunye nomdla wokutya komzimba nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ubunzima ngokukhawuleza nangesiquphe.
Ukudumba kwemilenze
Ukudumba kwemilenze kukwaziwa ngokuba yi-lymphedema apho imithambo ye-lymph ivalekile khona kwaye ibangela ukuqokelelana kolwelo emilenzeni. Oku kukhokelela ekudumbeni kwemilenze kwaye ungaziva ngathi umlenze wakho unzima kunangaphambili.
Intlungu Yamathambo
Njengoko ithumba likhula, lonakalisa amanye amalungu omzimba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ithambo libe buthathaka. Oku kukhokelela kwiintlungu emathanjeni ikakhulu kwiindawo zesinqe, imilenze kunye nomqolo.
Iingxaki Zezintso
Ngexesha lomhlaza, inkqubo yokukhupha umchamo iyaphazamiseka nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvalekeni komchamo kwaye ibangele iingxaki ezininzi zezintso ezifana nokuncipha komchamo, ukudinwa kakhulu, njl.
Ubunzima bokuphefumla
Kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ithumba lisasazeka liye emiphungeni kwaye oko kukhokelela ekuphefumulweni okunzima kunye nokukhohlela okungapheliyo. Ulwelo luqokelelana lujikeleze imiphunga kwaye lwenze kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumla. Usenokukhohlela ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye ube neentlungu esifubeni.
Ungazichonga njani iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesibeleko?
Ukuchongwa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko yinkqubo enamanqanaba amaninzi equka ukuxilongwa, uvavanyo, njl. Nazi iindlela zokuchongwa:
Ukurhanelwa kwezonyango
Ukuxilongwa kuqala ikakhulu ngabasetyhini abaneempawu ezifana nezi:
- Intlungu engaqhelekanga yesini
- Ivumba elibi
- Ukuphuma kwilungu lobufazi
- Ubuhlungu bepelvic
Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko azibonakali kwaye zinokubonwa ngokuhlolwa rhoqo.
Uvavanyo lweSkrini
Eli linyathelo lokuqala ekufumaneni umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Liquka:
- I-Pap Smear: Ikwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwePapanicolaou apho ifumanisa khona iiseli zangaphambi komhlaza kunye nezomhlaza kwisibeleko. Ibonisa iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-ASCUS, i-HSIL, njl. Ayiqinisekisi umhlaza kwaye ibonisa uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-DNA ye-HPV: Olu vavanyo luyimfuneko ukuze kufunyanwe intsholongwane ye-HPV enobungozi obukhulu, njenge-HPV-16 kunye ne-HPV-18. Lwenziwa kunye novavanyo lwePap Smear.
Colposcopy
Yenziwa xa uvavanyo lwePap Smear kunye neHPV lungaqhelekanga. Kule colposcope yovavanyo, kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokukhulisa umhlaza ukuze kuhlolwe umlomo wesibeleko kwaye kunceda ekuchongeni indawo echanekileyo yokuxilongwa.
Biopical Biopsy
Kule nkqubo, izicubu ziyasuswa emlonyeni wesibeleko. Kolu vavanyo, oogqirha bathatha iisampulu zezicubu ezincinci emlonyeni wesibeleko ukuze bajonge iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza kunye neeseli ezisandul’ umhlaza.
Uvavanyo lokulinganisa
Uvavanyo lomfanekiso luquka i-CT scan, i-MRI, njl.
- I-MRI Pelvis: I-MRI ye-pelvis luvavanyo lomfanekiso apho oomatshini abaneemagnethi ezinamandla kunye namaza erediyo basetyenziswa ukwenza umfanekiso wendawo ephakathi kwamathambo esinqe. Isetyenziselwa ukuchonga ubungakanani bethumba.
- CT Scan: Isetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba ii-lymph nodes zichaphazeleka ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo. Ibandakanya ukuskena imiphunga nesibindi.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zeempawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesibeleko?
Unyango lweempawu zokuqala zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lusekelwe kwizigaba zomhlaza. Lubandakanya utyando, unyango, njl. Ezinye zeendlela zonyango ziquka:
Unyango olusekelwe kwiSigaba
Kule meko, amayeza kunye nonyango lusekelwe kwimeko yezigulane kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza abajongene nalo. Ezinye zeendlela zonyango ezisekelwe kwizigaba zezi:
Isigaba 1
Kwisigaba soku-1 somhlaza, unyango lugxile kutyando, njenge-cone biopsy, hysterectomy ukugcinwa kokuzala, kunye nonyango lwemitha bulala iiseli zomhlaza.
Isigaba 2
Kwinqanaba lesi-2 lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, unyango lwenziwa ngoncedo lwe-combined chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha kunye ne-brachytherapy ukususa ii-lymph nodes kunye nokubulala iiseli zomhlaza.
Isigaba 3
Kwinqanaba lesi-3 lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, unyango lugxile ekudibaniseni i-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle ukuze kuncitshiswe kwaye kuyekwe ukusasazwa kwethumba kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Kwiimeko ezinobungozi obukhulu, ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwe-immunotherapy lusetyenziswa ukuyeka ukusasazwa kweeseli zomhlaza kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Isigaba 4
Kule nqanaba lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, unyango lujolise kakhulu ekulawuleni ukukhula kunye nokulawula iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Unyango oluquka kweli nqanaba yi-chemotherapy edityaniswe nonyango lwemitha yangaphandle neyangaphakathi, unyango lwe-immunotherapy kunye nonyango olujoliswe kulo.
Zithini iingozi zomhlaza wesibeleko emva konyango?
Isifo ngasinye sinamayeza aso kwaye unyango luza neengozi ezithile. Kukwakho neengozi ezithile ezibandakanyekayo kunyango lomhlaza wesibeleko:
Utshintsho kwiMijikelo yokuya exesheni
Unyango olusetyenziswa kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko olufana ne-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation, lunokuchaphazela ama-ovari kwaye lunciphise imijikelo yokuya exesheni. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuya exesheni kunokuyeka iinyanga kwaye kubangele ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kwangoko.
Utshintsho kwiSinyi kunye namathumbu
Unyango lwemitha olusetyenziswa kunyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko luchaphazela imithambo-luvo kunye nezicubu ezilawula isinyi. Oku kubangele ukuchama rhoqo, ukuvuza okanye ukuchama ngelixa uhleka okanye ukhohlela.
Ubuhlungu bePelvic
Emva konyango, iintlungu zesinqe ziqhelekile kwabo babenomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ngokuqhelekileyo kungenxa yotshintsho oluphiliswayo emzimbeni. Kukho ezinye izizathu ezifana nonyango lwemitha olubangela ukuqina nokurhawuzelelwa kwizicubu zesinqe.
Ukuzala kunye neengozi zokukhulelwa
Unyango lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lunokuchaphazela ukuzala kunye nokukhulelwa kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olusetyenzisiweyo. Utyando kunye ne-chemotherapy zinokuthintela amandla okukhulelwa njengoko unyango okanye utyando lunokuchaphazela isibeleko kunye nama-ovari.
Iingenelo zoMhlaza woMlomo emva koNyango
Iingenelo zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko emva konyango ezifana nokuphucula ubomi, ulawulo lomhlaza, njl. Zimbalwa kuzo ezidweliswe apha ngezantsi.
- Ulawulo loMhlaza: Umhlaza awunakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo kodwa unokulawulwa ngonyango olusebenzayo kunye namayeza. Ngoncedo lotyando, i-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwemitha, iingozi zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko zincinci.
- Ukulindela ubomi obuphuculweyo: Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ziphumelela kakhulu kwaye ngoncedo lonyango olusebenzayo nolucwangcisiweyo kunye namayeza kwandisa amathuba okusinda ixesha elide.
- Ukuphucula umgangatho woBomi: Ngoncedo lonyango olufana ne-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation therapy, abantu abaninzi baphila ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla ngokulula kwaye baphila ubomi babo ngokuzithemba nangolonwabo olungaphezulu kunangaphambili.
- Ugcino lokuchuma: Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, abafazi abaninzi banokukwazi ukukhulelwa ngoncedo lonyango olugcina inzala.
isiphelo
Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko sesinye sezifo eziphambili nezixhaphakileyo kule mihla. Wenzeka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwendoda nebhinqa. Lo mhlaza unika iimpawu zokuqala ezifana nokopha kwegazi kwilungu lobufazi, njl. kwaye unokunyangeka kumanqanaba okuqala. Kule bhlog, sixoxe ngazo zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zeempawu zokuqala zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ezinokunceda umntu ukuba aqonde lonke ulwazi malunga nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
