I-uterine carcinoma yimeko eyenzeka xa iiseli zesibeleko ziphindaphindeka ngaphandle kolawulo kwilungu langaphakathi lokuzala. Olu hlobo lomhlaza luchaphazela inkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini. Isibeleko lilungu elimile okwepere, elikwi-pelvis yowesifazane phakathi kwamathambo akhe esinqe. Xa iiseli ezisempilweni ziqalisa ukukhula nokutshintsha, ukukhula okungalawulekiyo nokuzala kubangela ukuba umhlaza wesibeleko wenze iqhuma, elibizwa ngokuba lithumba. Uninzi lwabasetyhini abanesi sifo baye bayeka ukuya exesheni. Ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesibeleko kwaye ngowona mhlaza we-gynecological uxhaphakileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngonyango oluchanekileyo lomhlaza wesibeleko kunye nokhathalelo lokuxilongwa, lo mhlaza uyanyangeka. Ukukhutshwa kwesibeleko lunyango lodidi lokuqala olunikwa izigulane ezichaphazelekayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, unezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokusinda.

I-uterine carcinoma yimeko yonyango eyenzeka xa kukho ukukhula okungalawulwayo kweeseli ze-uterine lining kumfazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lomhlaza ludibene nezitho zokuzala zabasetyhini. Isibeleko lilungu elinomgongxo elikhoyo kwi-pelvis yowesifazane phakathi kwamathambo amabini esinqe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhula kunye nokuguqula iiseli eziphilileyo, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukukhula okugqithisileyo kunye nokuzala okubangela umhlaza wesibeleko kukhokelela ekubunjweni kobunzima obubizwa ngokuba yi-tumor.

Iintlobo zomhlaza wesibeleko

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo sesibeleko sowesifazane:

Umhlaza we-Endometrial: Luhlobo lomhlaza olusuka kumhlaza we-endometrial oqala kumgca wesibeleko, kwaye uhlala unxulunyaniswa nokugqithiswa kwe-estrogen emzimbeni. Xa kuthelekiswa noHlobo loku-1 lomhlaza we-endometrial okhula ngokucothayo, i-Type 2 ye-endometrial cancers ikhula ngesantya esikhawulezayo kwaye inotyekelo olukhulu lokusasazeka.
I-Uterine Sarcoma: Olu lolunye uhlobo lwamathumba anqabileyo aziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesibeleko. Zivela kwisihlunu se-uterine okanye ezinye izihlunu ezidibeneyo zesibeleko endaweni ye-endometrium. Ngokubanzi, i-uterine sarcomas inobundlongondlongo kwaye yomelele ukunyanga kunomhlaza we-endometrial.

Ezinye iintlobo zeCancer Endometrial

I-Adenocarcinoma yeSerous: Ezi thumba zinomdla omkhulu wokusasazeka kwii-lymph nodes nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
I-Adenosquamous Carcinoma: Olu hlobo lungaqhelekanga lomhlaza wesibeleko lunxulunyaniswa ne-squamous cell carcinoma kunye ne-endometrial adenocarcinoma yomaleko wangaphandle wesibeleko.
I-Carcinosarcoma yesibeleko: Le yimeko ekhethekileyo ye-carcinosarcoma uterus. Iqulethe iiseli zomhlaza ezifana ne-sarcoma kunye nomhlaza we-endometrial. Kukho ithuba elibalulekileyo lokuba olu hlobo lomhlaza lunwenwele kwii-lymph nodes kunye namanye amalungu omzimba.
I-Papillary Serous Carcinoma: Kuphela linani elincinci lamatyala achongwe kwihlabathi ngenxa yokunqaba kwawo okugqithisileyo.

Izizathu zomhlaza wesibeleko kunye neMingcipheko

Ezinye izinto ezinokonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesibeleko ziquka:

Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba
Imbali yezonyango okanye imbali yentsapho yesibeleko, i-ovarian, okanye umhlaza wamathumbu
Ukopha kakhulu okanye ixesha elide
Ukungenzi lutho
Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni emva kwexesha
Ifuthe legazi
Diabetes
Ixesha lokuqala phambi kweminyaka eyi-12
I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS)
ubudala
Ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu

Iimpawu zomhlaza we-Endometrial kunye neempawu zesilumkiso

Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza we-endometrial okanye i-uterine sarcoma zidweliswe ngezantsi:

Intlungu okanye ukukrazula kwi-pelvis
Intlungu zesisu
Ubuthathaka
Ukuchama kabuhlungu
Ukopha kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-40 okanye ngaphezulu
Ukuphuma okumhlophe kwilungu lobufazi
Ubuhlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo
Ukopha kwilungu lobufazi phambi kokuyeka ukuya exesheni
Igazi ekuchameni
Ukukhanya okukhanyayo okanye ukopha emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni

Inqanaba loMhlaza wesibeleko

Inqanaba lomhlaza we-endometrial libalulekile ekumiseleni amathuba omntu okuphumelela unyango kunye nokhetho. Amathumba kumanqanaba athelekisekayo adla ngokuba ne-prognosis efanayo kwaye adla ngokuphathwa ngokufanayo.

Inqanaba 1: Ibhekisa kumhlaza ofunyenwe kwisibeleko.
Inqanaba 2: Eli nqanaba libonisa ukuba isibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ziye zachatshazelwa lithumba.
Inqanaba 3: Inqanaba lesithathu libonisa ukuba umhlaza unwenwele kwi-ovari, kwi-fallopian tubes vagina, okanye i-lymph nodes esiswini okanye kwi-pelvis ukusuka kwisibeleko/umlomo wesibeleko.
Inqanaba 4: Kuthetha ukuba umhlaza uchaphazela isisu, i-rectum, isinyi, kunye namathumbu, phakathi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Inokufunyaniswa njani?

Iingcali zempilo zinokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo. Ezi zidweliswe ngezantsi:

Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic
I-ultrasound yepelvic
I-endometrial biopsy
I-Hysteroscopy kunye ne-biopsy
I-CT kunye ne-MRI scan
PET yokuhlola
Uvavanyo lwegazi

Iinketho zoNyango lweCancer yesibeleko

Ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni ubudala kunye neemeko zonyango eziphantsi, ugqirha uya kugqiba ikhosi efanelekileyo yonyango ngokusekelwe kwiimeko, iifom zesigaba, kunye neempawu. Nazi ezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza wesibeleko:

Ukuhlinzwa: Luncedo olusebenzayo kumhlaza wesibeleko. Kanye kunye nama-ovari kunye neebhubhu ze-fallopian, isibeleko siyasuswa ngexesha lonyango lotyando. Ukuba umhlaza uyanwenwa, oogqirha banokujonga izicubu kunye namanye amalungu omzimba. Umhlaza we-endometrial hysterectomy yinkqubo yotyando apho isibeleko somguli kunye nomlomo wesibeleko kususwa. Uluhlu olulandelayo lweentlobo zenkqubo ye-hysterectomy lunikiwe:
- I-hysterectomy yesisu iyonke
- Unyango lwe-vaginal hysterectomy
- Hysterectomy
- Ubuncinci be-hysterectomy ehlaselayo
Unyango ngemitha: Kule nkqubo, olu nyango lubhekisa kusetyenziso lwee-x-reyi okanye iimitha zokukhanya ngemitha ukubulala iiseli ezinomhlaza. Le mitha yenkqubo yomhlaza we-endometrial inciphisa amathuba okuba umhlaza ubuye.
Unyango ngamayeza: Ukulandela iradiotherapy okanye utyando, xa umhlaza ubuya. Yayikhe yasetyenziswa ukulawula umhlaza. Iziyobisi zisetyenziswa okanye zitofwe emithanjeni yezigulane.
Unyango lweHormone: Olu nyango lunikezelwa xa umhlaza usasazeka okanye ubuya. Xa utyando lungenakwenzeka, ngoko ugqirha unokuncoma le nkqubo.
Uncedo lwezonyango ekujoliswe kulo: Lunyango lwechiza oluhlasela iiseli zomhlaza ukunqanda ukwanda komhlaza. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-lenvatinib, xa umhlaza usasazeka kwaye ubuya.