Umhlaza wamabele luhlobo lwengxaki yezempilo echaphazela amanina amaninzi ehlabathini. Le ngxaki eqhelekileyo inoxanduva lokonakalisa iiseli zamabele emzimbeni wethu. Ukuba abantu bafuna ukunciphisa le ngxaki, kufuneka baqhagamshelane noogqirha, oogqirha botyando, okanye abongikazi. Iqela lezempilo lichaza unyango lomhlaza webele kwiziko lophando lwezempilo.

Umhlaza wamabele sisifo esenzeka kwiithishu zamabele. Ngumhlaza wesibini oxhaphakileyo, ochaphazela kakhulu abasetyhini. Le ngxaki yenzeka xa iiseli zamabele zikhula ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zenze ithumba. Kwenzeka kwibele elinye okanye omabini.

Iintlobo zoMhlaza wamabele

Eli thumba lineentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezi zilandelayo:

I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Ngumhlaza wesibini oxhaphakileyo, ovela kumjelo wobisi kwaye uchaphazele amanye amalungu omzimba. Olu hlobo lwengxaki luchaphazela kakhulu izigulane ezingama-70% ukuya kuma-80%.

I-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: Olu hlobo lomhlaza lwenzeka ikakhulu kwii-lobules. Isasazeka kwizicubu zesifuba ezijikelezayo ezifana ne-ILC kwaye ichaphazela i-5% ukuya kwi-10% yezigulane kwihlabathi lethu.

Umhlaza Wokudumba: Yimeko yempilo enqabileyo kunye nendlongondlongo apho iiseli zomhlaza zivala ii-lymph vessels esikhumbeni, ezikhokelela ekudumbeni kunye nokubomvu kwebele.

Isifo se-Paget's Breast: Le ngxaki idla ngokubakho eluswini lwengono nakwindawo yeeseli ezimnyama. Idala iiseli zethumba ezahlukeneyo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziiseli zePaget. Le ngxaki ixhaphakileyo ichaphazela kakhulu i-1% ukuya kwi-4% yezigulane.

Iithumba zePhyllodes: Iithumba zePhyllodes zinqabile zomhlaza wamabele ezifumaneka ikakhulu kwizicubu ezixhumeneyo. Le ngxaki ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.

Umhlaza weMetastatic: Yingxaki eqhelekileyo eyenzeka ikakhulu ngaphaya kwamabele, njengesibindi, ingqondo, imiphunga, okanye amathambo. Oku uhlobo lomhlaza ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wamabele onenqanaba lesi-4.

Umhlaza kaThathu oMbi: Ingumba onqabileyo kunye nobudlova ongenayo i-receptors ye-HER2, i-estrogen, kunye ne-progesterone. Le ngxaki inzima kakhulu koogqirha ngenxa yokunqongophala kweendlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo. Ichaphazela kakhulu i-10% ukuya kwi-15% yezigulane.

I-HER2-Positive Cancer: Kwenzeka ngenxa yobuninzi obugqithisileyo be-HER2 protein. Le ngxaki iphathwa ngokukodwa ngoncedo lwezonyango ezijoliswe kuzo.

Iimpawu zoMhlaza wamabele

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zale ngxaki yezempilo zezi zilandelayo:

Iintlungu zebele: Le ngxaki ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-mastalgia, eyenzeka ngenxa yeentlungu okanye ukungakhululeki ebeleni.

Ukukhathala: Umhlaza wamabele ubangela ukudinwa emzimbeni wethu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiinguqu ezininzi zehomoni kunye nokudumba.

Iqhuma eBeleni okanye ngaphantsi kwengalo: Lolona phawu luxhaphakileyo lomhlaza webele, elenza ukuba iqhuma lakho libe nzima kwaye lingabi nantlungu.

Utshintsho kwiNdawo yeNipple: Ulusu kwindawo yengono luba bomvu, lube namaxolo, okanye lube ngqindilili, nto leyo ekhokelela kumhlaza wamabele ebantwini.

Ukudumba kweLymph Nodes: Le ngxaki inokubangela ukuvuvukala kwi-lymph nodes phantsi kwengalo okanye malunga ne-collarbone.

Ungawunyanga njani uMhlaza wamabele?

Umhlaza wamabele unokuthintelwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

Gcina Ubunzima obusempilweni: Izigulana ezityebe kakhulu zisemngciphekweni walo mhlaza. Ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunceda ukunciphisa le ngxaki kunye nokugcina ubunzima obunempilo kumntu.

Ukuyeka Ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza wamabele kwizigulana. Ngoko ke, isigulane kufuneka siyeke ukutshaya ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo kunye nokuphucula impilo yakhe yonke.

Qhuba uMzimba: Ukuhamba, ukuqubha, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile zezinye zezinto ezenziwa rhoqo ezinceda ukwehlisa umngcipheko womhlaza. Umntu kufuneka enze umthambo ophakathi kwiveki ye-1 ukuze abe sempilweni.

Yitya ukutya okuLungileyo: Iiprotheyini ezibhityileyo, imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ziluncedo kwimpilo yakho. I-Sugary snacks, inyama ebomvu, kunye nokutya okulinganiselweyo okucutshungulwayo kukhokelela ekwandeni komngcipheko womhlaza.

Kuphephe Ukusela Utywala: Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza kubantu ngabanye. Ngoko ke, umntu unokusela isiselo esinye sotywala okanye ngaphantsi ngosuku olunye.

IiKhetho zoNyango loMhlaza wamabele

Ukhetho oluqhelekileyo lonyango lomhlaza webele olubandakanyekayo lulandelayo:

Uxilongo kunye neStaging

Ukuxilongwa linyathelo lokuqala lokunyanga le ngxaki yezempilo. Oku kubandakanya i-biopsy, i-mammogram, okanye i-ultrasound ukuqinisekisa umhlaza wamabele emzimbeni wethu. Emva kokuqinisekiswa, inyathelo elilandelayo linyathelo, elimisela amalungu omzimba achaphazelekayo ngenxa yale ngxaki. Oku kube luncedo koogqirha ekunyangeni umhlaza wamabele kwizigulana.

Ukuhlinzwa

Lolona nyango luqhelekileyo, olubandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi. I-Lumpectomy isusa ubukhulu becala ithumba kunye nomda omncinci wezicubu ezijikelezileyo. I-Mastectomy kubandakanya ukususa ibele lonke. Unokukhetha uhlobo lotyando olusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho zonyango lomhlaza.

Utyando lweyeza

Olu nyango ibulala iiseli zomhlaza ngoncedo lwemitha. Oogqirha ikakhulu basebenzisa olu nyango emva kotyando okanye ukuba umntu unomhlaza wesifuba wesibini.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lunyango olujolise kwiimpawu ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza. Umzekelo, iHerceptin lichiza lamayeza elisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukunyanga umhlaza ovela ngenxa ye-HER2 protein. Olu khetho lonyango lunokudibaniswa nolunye unyango, olunika iziphumo ezingcono kwimpilo yomguli.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy isetyenziswa ikakhulu xa umhlaza wamabele unqabile kwaye undlongondlongo kwizigulana. Ibulala iiseli zomhlaza ngoncedo lwamachiza amayeza. Oogqirha basebenzisa olu khetho kunyango ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando.

immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy yonyango olungcono, olunceda amajoni omzimba ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Iluncedo ikakhulu ekunyangeni umhlaza wamabele ezahlukeneyo kwizigulana.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo

Oogqirha basebenzisa i<em>mammograms kunye noxilongo lwebele ukufumanisa umhlaza wamabele xa le ngxaki inyangeka kakhulu kwizigulana. Kufuneka balandele umyalelo kagqirha ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yabo kunye nezinto ezinobungozi.