Umhlaza wegazi (umhlaza wegazi) ngumhlaza ochaphazela iiseli zegazi, umongo wethambo kunye ne-lymphatic system. Umongo wethambo ngumenzi ophambili weeseli zegazi, nalapho ezi zivuthwa kwaye zenze imisebenzi yazo. Ukufumana iziphumo eziphuculweyo kunye nomonakalo omncinci, ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lomhlaza lubalulekile. Izigulane ezinomhlaza wegazi zineeseli ezikhula ngokungalawulekiyo ezibangela umhlaza wegazi ukuba uphazamise iinkqubo zegazi eziqhelekileyo. Unyango lomhlaza wegazi lunokunciphisa ukukhula komhlaza wegazi kwaye lunokubandakanya amayeza omlomo kunye noqwalaselo olusondeleyo.

Namhlanje, igazi elininzi unyango lomhlaza iinketho ziyafumaneka, kwaye ezi zihlala zivela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukhetho lwesigulana kunye nobunzima bomhlaza buya kugxininisa ikhosi kunye nobude bonyango. Usukelo lokugqibela kukuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulana ngaphandle kokuncama okanye ukubeka esichengeni impilo yaso.

Iintlobo zoMhlaza weGazi

Ngokubanzi, iintlobo ezintathu zomhlaza wegazi zikhona, ezichazwe ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi:

Ileukemia: Idityaniswa nomhlaza womongo wethambo kunye negazi. Xa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziveliswa ngokugqithisileyo, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi iiseli zethu zegazi ezinamandla.
I-Lymphoma: Inkqubo ye-lymphatic iyachaphazeleka, kwaye le yinxalenye ye-immune system. Ukunyuka okungaqhelekanga kwi-lymphocytes kubonwa apha.
IMyeloma: Uhlobo lomhlaza wegazi olukhula kwaye luphindaphindeke ngokukhawuleza kumongo wethambo. I-Myeloma, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza weeseli zeplasma, icinezela ukuveliswa kwezilwa-buhlungu ezinciphisa ukhuselo lomzimba kwaye zandise ukuba sengozini komzimba kwizifo ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni Ebangela Umhlaza Wegazi?

Zininzi izinto ezinokonyusa amathuba okuba nomhlaza wegazi, ezinye zazo zinikwe apha ngezantsi njenge:

Hereditary izinto: Iziphazamiso zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa kubazali babo zityekele ngakumbi ekubeni nomhlaza wegazi kwiimeko ezithile zofuzo. Ukongeza, ezinye iimeko, njenge-Down syndrome, zinokunyusa umngcipheko.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitha: Imithamo ephezulu yokusasazeka ngemitha, njengaleyo ifunyenwe xa iingozi zenyukliya zisenzeka okanye unyango ngemitha kwezinye izifo eziyingozi, zinokwenzakalisa iDNA yeeseli zegazi kwaye kubangele umhlaza wegazi.
Ukuchanabeka kwiMichiza: Xa evezwe kwizinto ezithile, amathuba okuba nomhlaza wegazi ayanda. I-Benzene, ikhemikhali engakhuselekanga kunye ne-carcinogenic, yenye yezinto ezinjalo ezifumaneka kwii-volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Ukuncipha kwiNkqubo yoMzimba: Nayiphi na imeko enciphisa amandla omzimba womntu, njenge-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), ibangela umhlaza wegazi. Kwimeko enjalo, amandla okumelana nomzimba ngokuthe ngcembe ayancipha, kwaye oku kuvumela ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhule kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza.
Isini okanye Ubudala: Iindidi ezithile zomhlaza wegazi zibonakala ngakumbi kumadoda okanye kwabasetyhini, kwaye umngcipheko uyanda njengoko unyaka omnye. Ngokomzekelo, abafazi baxhomekeke ngakumbi kwii-lymphomas ezithile, kwaye leukemia ubalasele ngakumbi emadodeni.
Iimeko zempilo ezinde: Izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune okanye unyango lwangaphambili lomhlaza ngamanye amaxesha zinokuwukhawulezisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wegazi. Ngokomzekelo, abaguli abaye bahamba chemotherapy eminye imihlaza inokuba nomngcipheko ophezulu we-leukemia kamva.

Iimpawu zoMhlaza weGazi

Umhlaza wegazi uchaphazela igazi, inkqubo ye-lymphatic, okanye umongo wethambo, kwaye oku kunokukhokelela kwiimpawu kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:

Ukugruzuka okanye ukopha okungaphenduliyo: Ukuba ubani unemikrwelo rhoqo, wopha ngeempumlo, okanye iintsini eziphawulekayo nezophayo, oku kusenokuba sisiqalo somhlaza wegazi. Oku kunokuba ngumphumo weeplatelet, eziguqulwayo kwaye ezinceda igazi ukuba lidibanise.
Ukukhathala: Le yenye yeempawu ezaziwayo ngokubanzi kwaye iyaqhubeka xa umzimba ungafumani gazi laneleyo elineoksijini eninzi.
Usulelo oluQhelekileyo: Kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba umhlaza wegazi wehlise amajoni omzimba, oku kwenza ukuba umzimba ube sesichengeni sosulelo olwahlukeneyo. Umntu unokuqaphela ukuba uyagula ngakumbi kunolunye uhlobo, okanye ukungabi nampilo kuyanda ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo: Amancinci afana neembotyi, i-lymph nodes inceda ukulwa nosulelo. Ukuvuvukala kwii-lymph nodes, ngakumbi entanyeni, kwi-groins, kunye ne-armpits, kunokubonisa ubukho be-lymphoma, ukwahlukana komhlaza wegazi.
I-Mystifying Weight Loffing: Ukuba uziva ulambile kancinci okanye ufumana ubunzima obungazi, oku kunokuba luphawu lomhlaza wegazi.
Iintlungu zethambo okanye ezidibeneyo: Iintlungu zethambo okanye ezidibeneyo ziqhelekileyo kwizigulane ezichaphazelekayo ngumhlaza. Xa kukho ingqokelela yeeseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga kumongo wethambo, ngoko uhlobo olunjalo lwentlungu lufunyanwa.

Iintlobo zoNyango loMhlaza weGazi

Iindlela zokunyanga isigulana somhlaza wegazi ziyahluka, kwaye ezinye zonyango ezinokunyanga umhlaza wegazi zichazwe ngezantsi:

Ukuchongwa kunye noVavanyo

Eli linyathelo lokuqala kunyango lomhlaza wegazi.
Ingcaphephe yezempilo inokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi, i-bone marrow biopsy kunye ne-imaging scans ukuze yazi ukuba umhlaza wegazi ukhona na emzimbeni.
Uxilongo olufanelekileyo luyimfuneko ukuze kuqhutywe isicwangciso sonyango lomhlaza wegazi.

Chemotherapy

Olu nyango lolona khetho lungcono lomhlaza wegazi kwinqanaba lokuqala.
Amachiza anamandla asetyenziswa apha ukukhupha iiseli zomhlaza ezikhoyo kuwo wonke umzimba.
Iipilisi okanye iinaliti zisetyenziswa apha.
Isenokuqhutywa ngokwemijikelo ukuvumela umzimba ukuba uhlaziyeke phakathi konyango.

Utyando lweyeza

Imitha ephezulu yamandla isetyenziselwa ukujolisa kunye nokususa iiseli zomhlaza.
Xa umhlaza uchaphazela iindawo ezithile, ke obu buchule busetyenziswa, njengakwimeko yokwandiswa ithumba.
Ukusasazeka kwemitha ngokuqhelekileyo kulawulwa ngamadosi amancinci kwiiseshoni ezininzi.
Imiphumo emibi ingabandakanya ukucaphuka kwesikhumba kunye nokukhathala kwindawo ephathwayo.

UTyekelo loMmongo weBone/iSeli yeStem

Unyango umongo kwizigulana ezinomhlaza, kunye nezigulana ezithile ezinomhlaza zinokufuna olu hlobo lonyango.
Umongo wethambo owosulelekileyo okanye owonakeleyo uthatyathelw’ indawo yi-stem cell esempilweni. Olu fakelo lubuyisela ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo.

immunotherapy

Le yenye yeendlela ezintsha, kwaye amandla okumelana nomzimba asetyenziselwa ukuchonga kunye nokubulala zonke iiseli zomhlaza ezingenampilo.
Unyango olufana nonyango lwe-CAR T-cell, apho iiseli ezizikhuselayo zezigulane zilungelelaniswe ngamandla ukulwa nomhlaza lusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo apha.
Amajoni omzimba akhuthazwa ukuba aqaphele kwaye aphelise iiseli zomhlaza.

Ukubeka iliso rhoqo

Ukuhlolwa ngokucokisekileyo narhoqo kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo kunyango lomhlaza wegazi ukujonga inkqubela. Oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango luyasebenza kwaye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyalawuleka.

Uvavanyo lweZliniki

Ukuzama ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo ezininzi zeklinikhi kunokuba yinto efanelekileyo kwizigulane ezininzi ezinomhlaza wegazi.
Olu lingo luvavanya unyango olutsha kwaye lunokubonelela ngofikelelo kunyango olukwinqanaba eliphezulu olungekafumaneki ngokubanzi.

Izilumkiso kuMhlaza weGazi

Akukho siqinisekiso sothintelo olupheleleyo lomhlaza wegazi, kodwa ngokuthatha la manyathelo okhuseleko akhankanywe apha ngezantsi unokuncipha kakhulu:

Yeka ukutshaya: Ukuze uphephe i-leukemia, kufuneka uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya.
Ukuvezwa kwiCarcinogens: Ukufikelela kwimichiza efana ne-formaldehyde kunye ne-benzene kufuneka kuphetshwe njengoko ezi zi-carcinogens.
Ukuthatha Ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuLungelelaniso: Iziqhamo kunye nemifuno etyebileyo kwi-antioxidants kunye neevithamini kufuneka zithathwe zininzi ukunceda ukukhusela iiseli.