Unyango lomhlaza wesinyi

Umhlaza wesinyi unqabile uhlobo lomhlaza. Iqala kwisinyi, ilungu elincinane elinomngxuma elibambe uchama. Kule mihla, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza wesinyi kwicandelo lezonyango. Kubandakanya utyando, olulo lonyango lokuqala lwale meko. Kukho amathuba okuba le mpilo iphinde ivele emva konyango. Ke ngoko, abaguli kufuneka balumke xa belandela ababoneleli babo bezempilo.

Abasebenzi bezempilo banokuwunyanga umhlaza wesinyi okwinqanaba lakwangoko. Liyinyani ukuba phantse i-75% yomhlaza wesinyi kwinqanaba lokuqala ziyaphinda.

Uqheleke kangakanani uMhlaza wesinyi?

Umhlaza wesinyi ngowona mhlaza wesine uxhaphakileyo emadodeni nakubantu abachongwe ngamadoda ekuzalweni kwabo (DMAB). Isini samadoda kunye neentlobo zodidi lwe-DMAB zinamathuba aphindwe kane okufumana le meko kunabasetyhini kunye nebhinqa elichongiweyo ekuzalweni (DFAB). Nangona kunjalo, njengoko aba bamva bengazazi iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi, basengozini yokuba nesifo esiqhubela phambili. 

NgokweNethiwekhi yokuXhasa uMhlaza weSinyi, abasetyhini abanakufane baqaphele igazi kwi-chama labo (hematuria). Lolona phawu lokuqala nolona lubalulekileyo lomhlaza wesinyi, kuba balunxulumanisa nokuphazamiseka kwe-gynecological eqhelekileyo. Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela amadoda amadala aneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu. Ngokomyinge, izigulane zineminyaka engama-73 ubudala xa zifunyaniswa

Iimbangela zoMhlaza wesinyi

Oyena nobangela wokutshintsha komhlaza wesinyi usafumaneka, kwaye uphando luyaqhuba. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zomngcipheko ezandisa ithuba lakho lokukhula kwesi sifo ziquka:

• Ukutshaya iCigarette: Oku kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokufumana umhlaza wesinyi. Imibhobho yokutshaya kunye neesiga, kunye nokuba sesichengeni sokutshaya umntu otshayayo, kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho.
• Ubudala kunye neSini: Abantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala batyekele ngakumbi kule meko. Amadoda asele ekhulile asemngciphekweni omkhulu kunamabhinqa ngenxa yendlela atshaya ngayo kunye nokuchanabeka kwimichiza ebulalayo.
• Ukubonakaliswa kwemitha: Unyango ngemitha kumhlaza lunokunyusa amathuba akho okufumana umhlaza wesinyi.
• Ukuchanabeka kwiMichiza ethile: Abantu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana le meko inzima abasebenza kumashishini asekelwe kwimichiza. Abantu abanosulelo oluphindaphindiweyo lwesinyi, amatye esinyi, okanye olunye usulelo lwendlela yokuchama basengozini yokufumana i-squamous cell carcinoma. 

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi

Olona phawu lubonakalayo ligazi eliphuma emchameni. Qinisekisa ukuqhagamshelana nokhathalelo lwakho lwezempilo ukuba oku kunjalo. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka:

• I-hematuria, okanye iGazi elibonakalayo kuMchamo: Xa uhlalutya umchamo, iingcali zonyango ziyakwazi ukubona umkhondo wegazi kumchamo.
• Dysuria, okanye Intlungu xa uchama: Yimvakalelo evuthayo okanye ehlabayo enokuthi yenzeke ngaphambi okanye emva kokuchama. Amadoda akwi-DMAB anokuba neentlungu zobudoda nokuba ngaphambi okanye emva kokuchama.
• Ukuchama rhoqo: Ukuchama rhoqo kubonisa ukuba uchama amaxesha amaninzi kwiiyure ezingama-24.
• Ukuba neengxaki zokuchama: Umchamo wakho usenokungaphumi ngamandla njengesiqhelo, okanye unokuqalisa kwaye ume.
• Usulelo lweSinyi oluNgapheliyo: Ilitye lesinyi, elisisigulo esinganyangekiyo sesinyi, sonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesinyi.

Uvavanyo lweNgcaciso

Uthotho olwahlukileyo lovavanyo lubandakanya:

• Cystoscopy: Ityhubhu ebhityileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yicystoscope ifakwa kumchamo nakwisinyi. Lo mbhobho unelensi encanyathiselwe kuyo ejonga isinyi ukuba ijonga iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• Uhlalutyo lokuchama: Umchamo uhlalutywa ubukho begazi, iprotheni, iswekile, kunye neeseli ezimhlophe okanye ezibomvu zegazi.
• Uvavanyo lomfanekiso: I-Computerized tomography ivumela ugqirha ukuba ahlole isakhiwo sendlela yomchamo.

Iinketho zoNyango lweSinyi soMhlaza

Ezi ziphawulwe ngokufutshane apha ngezantsi:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza, ugqirha unokucebisa uhlobo lotyando. Isenokubandakanya inxalenye yokususwa kwethumba okanye ukusebenzisa amandla aphezulu ngoku ukukhupha iiseli zomhlaza.

Ukuqhambuka kwe-Transurethral yeTumor yesinyi

• Inqanaba lokuqala okanye i-non-invasive bladder cancer inyakekelwa kule nkqubo yonyango. I-cystoscope ifakwe kwi-urethra ukususa iiseli zethumba.

I-Radical Cystectomy

• Le yenye inketho kwaye iqhutyelwa xa i-tumor isasazekile ngaphandle kwendawo yesinyi. Isinyi sonke, kunye namalungu asecaleni akhutshwa.

Ukuphambukiswa komchamo

• Xa isinyi singasebenzi ngokupheleleyo le nkqubo iyenziwa. Ipaseji entsha yendawo yomchamo yenziwa

I-Chemotherapy yesinyi

Ezi zinyanga iiseli zomhlaza ezikhoyo kwinwebu yesinyi kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziphinde zivele kwakhona. Ezi seli zinokunyukela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Amachiza asetyenziswa apha aquka i-cisplatin, carboplatin.

Utyando lweyeza

Xa utyando lungenzeki okanye lunqweneleka ngoko imitha yemitha iyacetyiswa. Kuqhelekile kwiimeko zeSigaba II apho umhlaza ufikelele kwisihlunu, kodwa uqhubela phambili ngakumbi.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Ukuguqulwa kofuzo yinjongo yolu nyango. Iguqula iiseli ezisempilweni zibe ziiseli ezinomhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, amayeza afana ne-FGFR gene inhibitors ijolise kwiiseli ezinokuguqulwa kofuzo ezikhuthaza ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. 

Iingcebiso zoThintelo kuNyango loMhlaza wesinyi

Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwendlela yokuphila kunye nokuphepha imiba esemngciphekweni echongiweyo ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo ekuthinteleni umhlaza wesinyi. Nazi iindlela ezilula zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Yekela Ukutshaya: Yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yomngcipheko womhlaza wesinyi. Ukuba uyayeka ukutshaya, kunokuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho. Kuphephe umsi wecuba ngokunjalo.
• Hlala unamanzi: Xa usela amanzi awaneleyo, anceda ekukhupheni ityhefu ebulalayo kwisinyi sakho. Ukuthatha iiglasi zamanzi ezisi-8 yonke imihla kugcina isinyi sisempilweni.
• Ukutya okuLungileyo kunye nokunempilo: Iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ezibandakanyiweyo ekutyeni zisempilweni kwaye zilungele umzimba.
• Ziphephe iikhemikhali ezinobungozi: Ukuba usebenza kwishishini lekhemikhali okanye lerabha thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokukhusela. Ukuzigcina kude nezinto eziyingozi kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesinyi.
• Landela uGqirha: Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kuluncedo kwaye kunokubona iingxaki kwasekuqaleni.