Umhlaza wempundu wenzeka kwisiphelo somjelo wesisu, obizwa ngokuba yi-anus, apho kuphuma khona indle. Asilohlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza, kwaye lukhula kwingqimba yomjelo wempundu. Unxulumene kakhulu nosulelo lwe-HPV kunye nezinye izinto. Ubunzima balo buxhomekeke kwindawo, ubungakanani, kunye nenqanaba lalo. Kufunyaniswe ukuba olu hlobo lungaqhelekanga lomhlaza luchaphazela umntu omnye kwabangama-500, kwaye bafuna unyango olungcono. Emva kokufumanisa umhlaza wempundu kunye nenqanaba lawo, kubalulekile ukukhetha iindlela zonyango lomhlaza wempundu oluchanekileyo nolusebenzayo.

Amanqanaba oMhlaza woMhlaza

Kukho izigaba ezahlukeneyo zalo mhlaza, ezikhankanywe ngezantsi:

Inqanaba 0: Linqanaba le-precancerous ebonisa ubukho beeseli ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi seli azikanwenweli kwezinye iithishu, kodwa zinokuba ngumhlaza kwixesha elizayo.
Inqanaba 1: Ezi ntlobo zincinci kakhulu kwaye zihlala kwindawo ethile apho ziqala khona.
Inqanaba lesi-2 kunye nenqanaba lesi-3: Ngeli nqanaba, umhlaza uqalisa ukunwenwela kwizihlunu ezikufutshane.
Inqanaba 4: Linqanaba le-metastatic apho lisasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba. Ayinakuphiliswa lula.

Iimpawu zoMhlaza woMpondo

Amaxesha amaninzi ayinazo naziphi na iimpawu, kwaye ukuba inazo ke ezi zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu:

Ukukhutshwa kwempundu
Iintlungu ezijikeleze i-anus
Ukopha kakhulu kwi-rectal
I-lymph nodes kwindawo yangasese iya kudumba
Ukutshintsha kwisimo samathumbu, njengokuphindaphinda kunye nokuhambelana kwe-poop.
Iqhuma lobunzima livela kwindawo yokuvula ezimpundu.
Ukuziva kufuna ukuqubha rhoqo.

Iimbangela zoMhlaza woMpondo

Esona sizathu sichanekileyo sokubangela umhlaza womqolo asikaziwa okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezinokukhokelela kolu hlobo lwengxaki yonyango. Oku kulandelayo:

Usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-human papillomavirus ngokwabelana ngesondo namaqabane amaninzi.
Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala
Isistim somzimba esilawulekileyo
Yabelana ngesondo ezimpundu
Umntu otshaya kakhulu unokuba nohlobo lomhlaza olunjalo.
Yiba nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, njengaye umhlaza welungu lobufazi kwaye nomhlaza wesibeleko.

Ukuxilongwa koMhlaza woMpondo

Emva kokufumana iimpawu zayo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba ezinye iimvavanyo zokuxilonga umhlaza wangasese. Kukho uvavanyo lwe-endoscopic olwenziwayo kwaye lunikwe ngezantsi:

Iproctoscopy: Isixhobo esincinci esinokukhanya kunye ne-lens sisetyenziselwa ukubona i-anus kunye ne-rectum. Emva koko usebenzisa i-proctoscope, izicubu ziyasuswa njengesampulu ukujonga uphawu lomhlaza.
Uviwo lweDijithali yeRectal: Kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-rectum kunye ne-anus. Yenziwa ngugqirha ngokufaka i-lubricant emnweni. Emva koko ifakwe ukuze uve nawaphi na amaqhuma.
Uvuko: Ukujonga uphawu lomhlaza, iqhekeza elincinci lethishu liyasuswa. Emva koko ijongwa ngugqirha wezifo ukuze abone naluphi na uphawu lomhlaza.
Ianoscopy: Ukubona nakuphi na ukungaqhelekanga kwi-anus, ityhubhu emfutshane ifakwe ukuze ihlolwe.
I-Endorectal Ultrasound: I-probe ifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-anus ukubona umfanekiso welungu ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound.

Xa umhlaza wasemva ufunyaniswa kukho ezinye iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iindawo zomzimba ezisasazekayo.

I-X-reyi yesifuba
Ukuskena i-CAT
Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic
MRI
PET yokuhlola

Zonke ezi mvavanyo ziqhutywa ukufumanisa inqanaba lesi sifo. Xa isasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yi-staging.

Iinketho zoNyango lweCancer lokuPhuma

Ithuba lokuchacha kunye nonyango lixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo:

Inqanaba lomhlaza
Indawo ye-tumor kwi-anus
Wosulelwa yi-HIV
Phinda emva konyango lokuqala

Iintlobo zonyango

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza wempundu, kwaye ezi zikhankanywe ngezantsi:

Chemotherapy

I-chemotherapy isetyenziselwa ukubulala nokuthintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Amayeza e-chemotherapy athathwa ngomlomo okanye ngenaliti. Ngoko ke iyeza linokufikelela kwiiseli zomhlaza ngegazi.

immunotherapy

Amajoni omzimba awomeleleyo kubalulekile ukulwa nomhlaza womqolo. Ugqirha uya kucebisa amayeza e-immunotherapy. Emva koko iimvavanyo ze-biomarker zenziwa ukuqikelela impendulo yala machiza.

Utyando lweyeza

Imitha ene-eneji ephezulu isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ukuthintela ukukhula kwazo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemitha yemitha zisetyenziselwa ukujolisa indawo yomzimba.

Ukuhlinzwa

Xa unyango olukhankanywe ngasentla alusebenzi ekunyangeni umhlaza kwaye lubuya emva koko utyando luyacetyiswa. Yenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini:

Ukuba umhlaza awunwenwanga kwaye uncinci kwaye ithumba liyasuswa kunye nezicubu eziphilileyo ezivela kwi-anus. Yenziwa ngenkqubo yokususwa kwendawo.
Kukho enye inkqubo yotyando apho kunqunyulwa encinci kwisisu. Emva koko i-rectum, i-anus kunye ne-sigmoid colon iyanqunyulwa kwaye emva kwenkqubo, ukuvulwa kwamathumbu kuthungwa. Inkunkuma yomzimba iqokelelwa kwingxowa elahlayo.