Khansara ya m'mimba imapezeka kumapeto kwa m'mimba, komwe kumatchedwa anus, kumene chimbudzi chimadutsa. Si mtundu wa khansa wamba, ndipo imayambira pamzere wa ngalande yakuthako. Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda a HPV ndi zinthu zina. Kuopsa kwake kumadalira malo ake, kukula kwake, ndi siteji. Zapezeka kuti khansa yachilendo imeneyi imakhudza munthu mmodzi mwa anthu 500, ndipo akufunafuna chithandizo chabwino kwambiri. Pambuyo pozindikira khansa yamatako ndi gawo lake ndiye ndikofunikira kusankha njira yoyenera komanso yothandiza khansa zosankha.

Magawo a Cancer ya Anal

Pali magawo osiyanasiyana a khansa iyi, omwe atchulidwa pansipa:

Gawo 0: Ndi precancerous siteji yomwe imasonyeza kukhalapo kwa maselo osadziwika bwino. Maselo amenewa sanafalikire ku minofu ina, koma akhoza kukhala khansa mtsogolomu.
Gawo 1: Mitundu iyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo imakhalabe pamalo enaake kumene imayambira.
Gawo 2 & Gawo 3: Panthawi imeneyi, khansa imayamba kufalikira ku minofu yapafupi.
Gawo 4: Ndi siteji ya metastatic yomwe imafalikira kumadera ambiri a thupi. Sichingachiritsidwe mosavuta.

Zizindikiro za Khansa ya Anal

Nthawi zambiri ilibe zizindikiro, ndipo ngati ili nayo ndiye kuti izi zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu:

Kutuluka kumatako
Ululu kuzungulira anus
Kutaya magazi kwambiri
Ma lymph nodes a m'dera la anal amatupa
Kusintha kwa chizolowezi chamatumbo, monga pafupipafupi komanso kusasinthasintha kwa chimbudzi.
Kumayambiriro kwa chigawo chakuthako kumawoneka chotupa chambiri.
Kumverera kumafunika kunyowa pafupipafupi.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Khansa ya Anal

Chifukwa chenicheni choyambitsa khansa yamatako sichikudziwika. Komabe, pali zifukwa zina zomwe zingayambitse matenda amtunduwu. Izi ndi izi:

Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kotchedwa human papillomavirus pogonana ndi zibwenzi zingapo.
Anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 60
Kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi
Kugonana kumatako
Munthu amene amasuta kwambiri akhoza kudwala khansa yamtunduwu.
Khalani ndi zina mitundu ya khansa, monga khansa ya kumaliseche ndi khansara ya chiberekero.

Kuzindikira Khansa ya Anal

Pambuyo pozindikira zizindikiro zake, dokotala wanu adzayesa mayeso kuti adziwe khansa ya m'mawere. Pali mayeso a endoscopic omwe amachitidwa ndipo amaperekedwa pansipa:

Proctoscopy: Chida chopyapyala chokhala ndi kuwala ndi mandala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona anus ndi rectum. Kenako pogwiritsa ntchito proctoscope, minofu imachotsedwa ngati chitsanzo kuti muwone ngati pali khansa.
Mayeso a Digital Rectal: Zimaphatikizapo kufufuza kwa rectum ndi anus. Amachitidwa ndi dokotala popaka mafuta pa chala. Kenako amalowetsamo kuti amve zotupa zilizonse.
Chisokonezo: Kuti muwone chizindikiro cha khansa, kachidutswa kakang'ono kamachotsedwa. Kenako amawunikiridwa ndi wachipatala kuti awone chizindikiro chilichonse cha khansa.
Anoscopy: Kuti muwone zolakwika zilizonse mu anus, chubu chachifupi chimayikidwa kuti chiwunikidwe.
Endorectal Ultrasound: Kufufuza kumayikidwa mkati mwa anus kuti muwone chithunzi cha chiwalocho pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound.

Khansara yamatako ikapezeka ndiye palinso mayeso ena kuti adziwe kuti ndi mbali ziti zathupi zomwe zimafalikira.

X-ray pachifuwa
CAT scan
Kufufuza m'chiuno
MRI
PET kuyesa

Mayesero onsewa amayendetsedwa kuti adziwe siteji ya matenda. Ikafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi, ndiye imatchedwa staging.

Njira Zothandizira Khansa Yamatako

Mwayi wochira ndi chithandizo zimadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana:

Gawo la khansara
Malo a chotupa mu anus
Wodwala HIV
Bwererani pambuyo pa chithandizo choyamba

Mitundu Yamankhwala

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira khansa ya kumatako, ndipo izi zatchulidwa pansipa:

mankhwala amphamvu

mankhwala amphamvu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ndi kuletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa. Mankhwala a Chemo amatengedwa pakamwa kapena kudzera mu jakisoni. Choncho mankhwalawa amatha kufika ku maselo a khansa kudzera m’magazi.

immunotherapy

Chitetezo champhamvu ndi chofunikira polimbana ndi khansa yamatako. Dokotala adzalangiza mankhwala a immunotherapy. Kenako mayeso a biomarker amachitidwa kuti aneneretu kuyankha kwa mankhwalawa.

Mankhwala Opanga Mafuta

Ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga ma cell a khansa kuti asakule. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma radiation imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana dera la thupi.

Opaleshoni

Pamene mankhwala otchulidwa pamwambawa sali othandiza pochiza khansa ndipo imabwereranso ndiye kuti opaleshoni imaperekedwa. Imachitika m'njira ziwiri:

Ngati khansayo siinafalikire ndipo ndi yaying'ono ndiye kuti chotupacho chimachotsedwa pamodzi ndi minofu yathanzi kuchokera ku anus. Zimachitidwa ndi ndondomeko ya resection.
Palinso njira ina yopangira opaleshoni yomwe imadulidwa pang'ono pamimba. Kenako rectum, anus ndi sigmoid colon amadulidwa ndipo pambuyo pa njirayi, kutsegula kwa matumbo kumasokedwa. Zinyalala za thupi zimatengedwa m’thumba lotayirapo.